Study on Preparation and Humidity-Control Capabilities of Vermiculite/Poly(sodium Acrylate-acrylamide) Humidity Controlling Composite
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Vermiculite/Poly(sodium Acrylate-acrylamide) Material
2.3. Characterization
3. Results
3.1. Morphology Analysis
3.2. Structural Analysis
3.3. Infrared Analysis
3.4. BET Analysis
3.5. Humidity Controlling Performance of Composite Material
3.5.1. Single Factor Experiment
3.5.2. Orthogonal Experiment
3.5.3. Control Experiment
4. Adsorption and Desorption Kinetics
5. Conclusions
- The composite material consists of spherical particles with a rough surface, where the modified vermiculite effectively combines with the PAA-AM copolymer. The copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) results in the infiltration of AA and AM into the middle layer of the modified vermiculite, expanding the interlayer spacing of the vermiculite. The results of BET analysis showed that the addition of vermiculite increased the specific surface area and pore volume of the composites and optimized the pore structure.
- Results from orthogonal and single-factor experiments indicate that the humidity control ability of the composite material is influenced by various factors. Notably, the vermiculite content and monomer ratio have a substantial impact on humidity control performance, while the neutralization degree plays a relatively minor role. The optimal preparation conditions include a vermiculite content of 4%, a neutralization degree of 90%, and a mass ratio of AA to AM of 4:1. Under these conditions, the composite material exhibits moisture absorption and dehumidification rates of 1.285 g/g and 1.172 g/g, respectively. Comparative tests reveal that the composite material’s moisture absorption and release rates surpass those of vermiculite and PAA-AM copolymer, enabling faster humidity adjustment. The incorporation of vermiculite introduces a mesoporous structure to the composite material, enhancing its surface roughness but diminishing its humidity control capacity.
- The humidity control process of the composite material is governed by pseudo second-order kinetics, which encompasses the complete adsorption process. This is attributed to the synergistic effect of the PAA-AM copolymer and vermiculite.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | SBET (m2/g) | Pore Diameter (nm) | Vtot (cm3/g) |
---|---|---|---|
Vermiculite | 36.65 | 3.473 | 0.175 |
PAA-AM | 6.14 | 3.073 | 0.008 |
Composite material | 278.34 | 3.815 | 0.114 |
Sample No. | Factors and Levels | Humidity Controlling Properties | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vermiculite Content (%) | Neutralization Degree (%) | Mass Ratio of AA to AM | Absorption Ratio (g/g) | Desorption Ratio (g/g) | |
1 | 1 | 70 | 1:1 | 0.798 | 0.679 |
2 | 1 | 80 | 4:1 | 1.047 | 0.959 |
3 | 1 | 90 | 7:1 | 1.098 | 0.940 |
4 | 1 | 100 | 10:1 | 1.068 | 0.915 |
5 | 4 | 70 | 4:1 | 1.197 | 1.062 |
6 | 4 | 80 | 1:1 | 0.848 | 0.724 |
7 | 4 | 90 | 10:1 | 1.115 | 0.988 |
8 | 4 | 100 | 7:1 | 1.228 | 1.080 |
9 | 7 | 70 | 7:1 | 0.863 | 0.768 |
10 | 7 | 80 | 10:1 | 0.92 | 0.855 |
11 | 7 | 90 | 1:1 | 0.789 | 0.708 |
12 | 7 | 100 | 4:1 | 0.912 | 0.821 |
13 | 10 | 70 | 10:1 | 0.887 | 0.793 |
14 | 10 | 80 | 7:1 | 0.879 | 0.769 |
15 | 10 | 90 | 4:1 | 0.985 | 0.841 |
16 | 10 | 100 | 1:1 | 0.729 | 0.630 |
Absorption Ratio (g/g) | Desorption Ratio (g/g) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vermiculite Content (%) | Neutralization Degree (%) | Mass Ratio of AA to AM | Vermiculite Content (%) | Neutraliztion Degree (%) | Mass Ratio of AA to AM | |
K1 | 1.003 | 0.936 | 0.791 | 0.873 | 0.826 | 0.685 |
K2 | 1.097 | 0.923 | 1.035 | 0.964 | 0.827 | 0.921 |
K3 | 0.871 | 0.997 | 1.017 | 0.788 | 0.869 | 0.889 |
K4 | 0.870 | 0.984 | 0.997 | 0.758 | 0.861 | 0.888 |
R | 0.227 | 0.075 | 0.244 | 0.206 | 0.043 | 0.236 |
Optimal level | A2 | B3 | C2 | A2 | B3 | C2 |
Pseudo First-Order | Pseudo Second-Order | Intra-Particle Diffusion | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
k1 | qe1 | R2 | k2 | qe2 | R2 | kid | Intercept | R2 | ||
composite materials | Absorption process | 0.0630 | 0.9993 | 0.9847 | 0.0517 | 1.3720 | 0.9990 | 0.0803 | 0.2614 | 0.8754 |
Desorption process | 0.1126 | 0.7988 | 0.9043 | 0.0955 | 1.2650 | 0.9980 | 0.1067 | 0.2181 | 0.8266 | |
Vermiculite | Absorption process | 0.0465 | 0.6491 | 0.3135 | 2.5761 | 0.2938 | 0.9999 | 0.0111 | 0.1611 | 0.5433 |
Desorption process | 0.1064 | 0.0664 | 0.6175 | 1.7630 | 0.2335 | 0.9996 | 0.0166 | 0.0869 | 0.7190 | |
PAA-AM | Absorption process | 0.0808 | 1.0180 | 0.9570 | 0.0519 | 1.0810 | 0.9983 | 0.0660 | 0.1220 | 0.8899 |
Desorption process | 0.1227 | 0.7436 | 0.9837 | 0.1016 | 0.9104 | 0.9989 | 0.0782 | 0.0115 | 0.8840 |
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Xue, Z.; Wang, J.; Diao, Y.; Hu, W. Study on Preparation and Humidity-Control Capabilities of Vermiculite/Poly(sodium Acrylate-acrylamide) Humidity Controlling Composite. Materials 2024, 17, 1920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081920
Xue Z, Wang J, Diao Y, Hu W. Study on Preparation and Humidity-Control Capabilities of Vermiculite/Poly(sodium Acrylate-acrylamide) Humidity Controlling Composite. Materials. 2024; 17(8):1920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081920
Chicago/Turabian StyleXue, Zhichang, Jihui Wang, Yaqi Diao, and Wenbin Hu. 2024. "Study on Preparation and Humidity-Control Capabilities of Vermiculite/Poly(sodium Acrylate-acrylamide) Humidity Controlling Composite" Materials 17, no. 8: 1920. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081920