Modeling of Metal Powder Densification under Hot Isostatic Pressing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Simulation Model
- (1)
- The geometry of the powder and container was defined.
- (2)
- The thermal property parameters and rheological curves calculated by JMatPro V10.0 software were used to define the material model.
- (3)
- A finite element mesh was generated in the powder and in the container.
- (1)
- The thermal and pressure boundary conditions on the outside surface of the container were specified. The temperatures were 1050 °C, 1150 °C, and 1250 °C, respectively. The pressure was 130 MPa and was loaded from outside to inside.
- (2)
- The heat transfer and friction conditions between the powder and the container were specified. The thermal conductivity was assigned to be 11 W/(m·K), and the friction coefficient was 0.3.
- (3)
- The simulation was started, to last for 4 h.
- (4)
- When the shape change caused a degeneration of the finite element mesh, automatic re-meshing was performed to keep the mesh suitable for accurate calculations.
- (5)
- The simulation was stopped at the end of 4 h (HIP time).
- (6)
- The results were post-processed.
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The densification distribution of the HIPed billet was radial, and the densification rate of the central part was slower than that of the corner.
- (2)
- The 316 L stainless steel powder could be densified with a relative density over 99% processed at 1050 °C/130 MPa/4 h, 1150 °C/130 MPa/4 h, and 1250 °C/130 MPa/4 h, respectively. The size difference between the simulation and experimental results of relative density of specimens for any position was less than 2%.
- (3)
- Increasing the temperature could lead to faster densification.
- (4)
- Experimental validations demonstrated that the model could accurately predict the changes in container size and relative density during HIP process.
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | C | Si | Mn | Mo | Ni | Cr | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wt.% | 0.023 | 0.73 | 1.74 | 2.66 | 13.1 | 17.3 | Bal. |
Element | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Cu | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wt.% | 0.18 | 0.39 | 0.014 | 0.005 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | Bal. |
Position | Experimental size (mm) | FEM dimension (mm) | Error (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before HIP | After HIP | Before HIP | After HIP | ||
① | 73.4 | 68.66 | 73.4 | 67.53 | −1.65 |
② | 71.1 | 68.66 | 71.1 | 68.68 | 0.03 |
③ | 71.1 | 68.66 | 71.1 | 68.68 | 0.03 |
④ | 71.1 | 64.04 | 71.1 | 61.43 | −4.08 |
⑤ | 71.1 | 64.20 | 71.1 | 65.24 | 1.62 |
⑥ | 71.1 | 64.20 | 71.1 | 65.24 | 1.62 |
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Wang, J.; Srivatsa, S.; Wu, Z.; Huang, Z. Modeling of Metal Powder Densification under Hot Isostatic Pressing. Materials 2024, 17, 1933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081933
Wang J, Srivatsa S, Wu Z, Huang Z. Modeling of Metal Powder Densification under Hot Isostatic Pressing. Materials. 2024; 17(8):1933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081933
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Jingzhe, Shesh Srivatsa, Zhanfang Wu, and Zaiwang Huang. 2024. "Modeling of Metal Powder Densification under Hot Isostatic Pressing" Materials 17, no. 8: 1933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081933