A Novel Porcine Graft for Regeneration of Bone Defects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.2. Energy Dispersive Spectrometry
Element | Weight (%) | Atomic (%) |
---|---|---|
C | 8.01 | 13.90 |
O | 44.32 | 57.77 |
Na | 0.86 | 0.78 |
Mg | 1.78 | 1.53 |
P | 16.88 | 11.37 |
Ca | 28.16 | 14.65 |
Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
2.3. X-ray Diffraction
2.4. MTT Proliferation Assay
2.5. Micro-CT Scanning
Micro CT Average-SD Values for Newly Formed Bone | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Time | Control | MBCP | Porcine Graft 250–500 μm | Porcine Graft 500–1000 μm |
Week 1 | 30.57 ± 7.57 | 40.42 ± 2.64 | 43.29 ± 8.37 | 40 ± 2.33 |
Week 2 | 41.57 ± 8.71 | 32.59 ± 5.05 | 31.52 ± 3.51 | 35.24 ± 2.33 |
Week 4 | 30.38 ± 10.54 | 30.7 ± 6.5 | 32.47 ± 3.83 | 31.05 ± 1.3 |
Week 8 | 31.55 ± 7.25 | 27.81 ± 3.86 | 35.02 ± 2.92 | 36.19 ± 2.85 |
2.6. Histological Examination
3. Discussion
4. Materials and methods
4.1. Biomaterials
- 5 °C/min heated to 100 °C and then maintained for 30 min;
- 5 °C/min heated to 300 °C and then maintained for 60 min;
- 10 °C/minute heated to 800 °C and then maintained for 120 min.
4.2. Porcine Graft Analysis
4.2.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry
4.2.2. X-ray Diffraction
4.2.3. Cell Proliferation (MTT Assay)
4.2.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Surgical Procedure
- Decalcification: The bone specimens were trimmed to a thickness of less than 0.5 cm (to accelerate decalcification) and were decalcified in fresh fluid. Decalcification times, specimen thicknesses, temperature, decalcification solution freshness, and block samples’ decalcification conditions were recorded.
- Washing with water: After decalcification, the specimens were washed in running water for several hours to neutralize the strongly acidic decalcifying solution.
- Dehydration and embedding: The bone tissues were dehydrated in alcohol and were then embedded in liquid paraffin.
- Sectioning: Slice thicknesses were set at 5–7 μm.
- Staining: Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining was performed on all paraffin embedded tissues.
- Visualization: The histological slides were viewed using an optical microscope (Olympus BH-2, Tokyo, Japan), and the images were captured at 40× magnification using a camera SPOT idea tm Camera that was connected to the microscope and were analyzed using the corresponding software (SPOT imaging software, Sterling Heights, MI, USA).
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Salamanca, E.; Lee, W.-F.; Lin, C.-Y.; Huang, H.-M.; Lin, C.-T.; Feng, S.-W.; Chang, W.-J. A Novel Porcine Graft for Regeneration of Bone Defects. Materials 2015, 8, 2523-2536. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8052523
Salamanca E, Lee W-F, Lin C-Y, Huang H-M, Lin C-T, Feng S-W, Chang W-J. A Novel Porcine Graft for Regeneration of Bone Defects. Materials. 2015; 8(5):2523-2536. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8052523
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalamanca, Eisner, Wei-Fang Lee, Chin-Yi Lin, Haw-Ming Huang, Che-Tong Lin, Sheng-Wei Feng, and Wei-Jen Chang. 2015. "A Novel Porcine Graft for Regeneration of Bone Defects" Materials 8, no. 5: 2523-2536. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8052523