Photosynthesis, Ecological Stoichiometry, and Non-Structural Carbohydrate Response to Simulated Nitrogen Deposition and Phosphorus Addition in Chinese Fir Forests
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Plant Material
2.3. Experimental Design
2.4. Measurements and Sampling
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Soil N and P Addition Affected Leaf Chlorophyll Fluorescence
3.2. Response of Soil Available N (AN) and Available P (AP) to Soil N and P Addition
3.3. Response of C:N:P Stoichiometry in the Leaf to Soil N and P Addition
3.4. Response of Non-Structural Carbohydrate (NSC) in the Leaf to Soil N and P Addition
4. Discussion
4.1. Positive Effect of N and P Addition on Photosynthetic Fluorescence Parameters
4.2. Seasonal Response of Ecological Stoichiometry under N and P Addition
4.3. Non-Seasonal Variation in NSC Concentrations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source of Variation | Time | N Addition | P Addition | N + P Combinations | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | Sig. | F | Sig. | F | Sig. | ||
C | July 2017 | 0.862 | 0.439 | 2.135 | 0.147 | 0.823 | 0.527 |
October 2017 | 5.061 | 0.018 | 4.190 | 0.032 | 4.687 | 0.009 | |
January 2018 | 2.504 | 0.110 | 1.251 | 0.310 | 0.824 | 0.527 | |
April 2018 | 0.889 | 0.428 | 2.829 | 0.085 | 1.422 | 0.267 | |
N | July 2017 | 7.060 | 0.005 | 2.689 | 0.095 | 1.599 | 0.218 |
October 2017 | 2.671 | 0.096 | 3.082 | 0.071 | 5.717 | 0.004 | |
January 2018 | 0.203 | 0.818 | 1.577 | 0.234 | 2.451 | 0.083 | |
April 2018 | 1.448 | 0.261 | 3.554 | 0.050 | 2.538 | 0.076 | |
P | July 2017 | 0.824 | 0.454 | 0.005 | 0.995 | 1.208 | 0.342 |
October 2017 | 27.931 | 0.000 | 1.859 | 0.185 | 6.163 | 0.003 | |
January 2018 | 28.783 | 0.000 | 10.728 | 0.001 | 13.948 | 0.000 | |
April 2018 | 2.376 | 0.121 | 11.775 | 0.001 | 7.233 | 0.001 | |
C:N | July 2017 | 1.328 | 0.290 | 0.667 | 0.525 | 1.008 | 0.430 |
October 2017 | 4.050 | 0.035 | 4.232 | 0.031 | 4.849 | 0.008 | |
January 2018 | 0.616 | 0.551 | 0.944 | 0.408 | 2.441 | 0.084 | |
April 2018 | 2.560 | 0.105 | 4.240 | 0.031 | 2.327 | 0.096 | |
C:P | July 2017 | 1.328 | 0.290 | 0.667 | 0.525 | 1.008 | 0.430 |
October 2017 | 40.793 | 0.000 | 5.970 | 0.010 | 6.675 | 0.002 | |
January 2018 | 20.605 | 0.000 | 11.522 | 0.001 | 8.002 | 0.001 | |
April 2018 | 1.449 | 0.261 | 10.342 | 0.001 | 6.622 | 0.002 | |
N:P | July 2017 | 5.528 | 0.014 | 0.919 | 0.417 | 1.783 | 0.176 |
October 2017 | 1.364 | 0.281 | 2.209 | 0.139 | 2.128 | 0.119 | |
January 2018 | 3.995 | 0.037 | 5.599 | 0.013 | 3.963 | 0.018 | |
April 2018 | 1.577 | 0.234 | 1.853 | 0.185 | 5.811 | 0.003 |
Source of Variation | Time | N Addition | P Addition | N + P Combinations | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | Sig. | F | Sig. | F | Sig. | ||
Soluble sugar | July 2017 | 1.000 | 0.388 | 0.201 | 0.820 | 0.766 | 0.561 |
October 2017 | 0.449 | 0.646 | 4.907 | 0.020 | 9.724 | 0.000 | |
January 2018 | 0.611 | 0.554 | 0.015 | 0.985 | 1.775 | 0.178 | |
April 2018 | 2.793 | 0.088 | 4.867 | 0.020 | 0.566 | 0.690 | |
Starch | July 2017 | 1.076 | 0.362 | 1.211 | 0.321 | 2.075 | 0.127 |
October 2017 | 2.174 | 0.143 | 1.929 | 0.174 | 1.205 | 0.343 | |
January 2018 | 0.713 | 0.503 | 0.169 | 0.846 | 2.023 | 0.134 | |
April 2018 | 6.234 | 0.009 | 4.011 | 0.036 | 6.906 | 0.001 | |
NSC | July 2017 | 1.447 | 0.261 | 0.014 | 0.987 | 0.755 | 0.568 |
October 2017 | 0.271 | 0.766 | 2.185 | 0.141 | 8.747 | 0.000 | |
January 2018 | 0.671 | 0.523 | 0.015 | 0.985 | 1.564 | 0.227 | |
April 2018 | 3.091 | 0.070 | 7.797 | 0.004 | 1.189 | 0.349 |
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Liu, M.; Wang, Y.; Li, Q.; Xiao, W.; Song, X. Photosynthesis, Ecological Stoichiometry, and Non-Structural Carbohydrate Response to Simulated Nitrogen Deposition and Phosphorus Addition in Chinese Fir Forests. Forests 2019, 10, 1068. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10121068
Liu M, Wang Y, Li Q, Xiao W, Song X. Photosynthesis, Ecological Stoichiometry, and Non-Structural Carbohydrate Response to Simulated Nitrogen Deposition and Phosphorus Addition in Chinese Fir Forests. Forests. 2019; 10(12):1068. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10121068
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Meihua, Yaoxiong Wang, Quan Li, Wenfa Xiao, and Xinzhang Song. 2019. "Photosynthesis, Ecological Stoichiometry, and Non-Structural Carbohydrate Response to Simulated Nitrogen Deposition and Phosphorus Addition in Chinese Fir Forests" Forests 10, no. 12: 1068. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10121068