Initial Responses in Growth, Production, and Regeneration following Selection Cuttings in Hardwood-Dominated Temperate Rainforests in Chile
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Estimation of Stand Variables
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Diameter Growth
3.2. Ingrowth
3.3. Growth in Basal Area and Volume
3.4. Regeneration
4. Discussion
4.1. General Response Patterns Following Selection Cuttings in Valdivian Rainforests
4.2. Growth in Stand Variables: Comparisons and Expectations
4.3. Does a Lower Residual Basal Area Promote Mid-Tolerant Species?
4.4. Prospects for Uneven-Aged Management in Valdivian Temperate Rainforests
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Seedling Density | Sapling Density | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HRBA | LRBA | HRBA | LRBA | |||
2013 | 2018 | 2013 | 2018 | 2018 | ||
Species | ||||||
Shade-intolerant | ||||||
Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Oerst. | 1505 | 1019 | 69 | 116 | 0 | 0 |
Weinmannia trichosperma Cav. | 46 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other species * | 69 | 185 | 209 | 139 | 0 | 0 |
Sub-total | 1620 | 1227 | 278 | 255 | 0 | 0 |
Mid-tolerant | ||||||
Caldcluvia paniculata (Cav.) D. Don | 0 | 0 | 23 | 69 | 0 | 0 |
Drimys winteri J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. | 2361 | 2477 | 4745 | 8426 | 116 | 347 |
Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. | 4352 | 4931 | 3171 | 3032 | 46 | 208 |
Gevuina avellana Molina | 1250 | 1111 | 880 | 1181 | 278 | 324 |
Podocarpus salignus D. Don | 1528 | 1944 | 1042 | 648 | 46 | 69 |
Sub-total | 9421 | 10,463 | 9861 | 13,356 | 486 | 948 |
Shade-tolerant | ||||||
Aextoxicon punctatum Ruiz et Pav. | 7662 | 9676 | 22,014 | 16,713 | 232 | 370 |
Amomyrtus luma (Molina) D. Legrand & Kausel | 12,083 | 17,083 | 16,088 | 13,611 | 717 | 1019 |
Amomyrtus meli (Phil.) D. Legrand & Kausel | 278 | 0 | 995 | 4005 | 0 | 0 |
Dasyphyllum diacanthoides (Less.) Cabrera | 486 | 787 | 0 | 417 | 0 | 0 |
Laureliopsis philippiana (Looser) Schodde | 1574 | 1319 | 2269 | 2454 | 486 | 348 |
Lomatia dentata (R. et P.) R. Br. | 1389 | 1574 | 394 | 486 | 116 | 0 |
Lomatia ferruginea (Cav.) R. Br. | 3218 | 4931 | 8380 | 7060 | 0 | 185 |
Myrceugenia planipes (Hook. & Arn.) O. Berg | 1898 | 2662 | 486 | 833 | 116 | 23 |
Persea lingue (Ruiz & Pav.) Nees | 0 | 255 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 |
Raukaua laetevirens (Gay) Frodin | 394 | 486 | 347 | 509 | 0 | 0 |
Rhaphithamnus spinosus (Juss.) Moldenke | 1042 | 1157 | 2731 | 2546 | 116 | 93 |
Saxegothaea conspicua Lindl. | 23 | 46 | 0 | 69 | 0 | 0 |
Other species ** | 23 | 139 | 0 | 115 | 0 | 0 |
Sub-total | 30,069 | 40,116 | 53,704 | 48,866 | 1783 | 2038 |
Seedling Density | Sapling Density | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HRBA | LRBA | HRBA | LRBA | |||
Species | 2013 | 2019 | 2013 | 2019 | 2019 | |
Shade-intolerant | ||||||
Embothrium coccineum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 |
Weinmannia trichosperma | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sub-total | 0 | 23 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 |
Mid-tolerant | ||||||
Caldcluvia paniculata | 116 | 162 | 162 | 93 | 116 | 93 |
Eucryphia cordifolia | 3125 | 3588 | 2500 | 2963 | 1319 | 1667 |
Gevuina avellana | 1065 | 1806 | 880 | 1227 | 810 | 486 |
Sub-total | 4306 | 5556 | 3542 | 4283 | 2245 | 2246 |
Shade-tolerant | ||||||
Aextoxicon punctatum | 1435 | 5856 | 1134 | 3009 | 301 | 162 |
Amomyrtus luma | 625 | 5046 | 1551 | 6088 | 579 | 949 |
Amomyrtus meli | 2338 | 4074 | 1690 | 3796 | 532 | 301 |
Laureliopsis philippiana | 463 | 880 | 486 | 694 | 162 | 185 |
Lomatia ferruginea | 2245 | 3032 | 1968 | 3843 | 648 | 486 |
Myrceugenia planipes | 1644 | 3009 | 1296 | 2685 | 139 | 347 |
Persea lingue | 1481 | 509 | 1736 | 671 | 46 | 69 |
Raukaua laetevirens | 0 | 370 | 463 | 648 | 23 | 23 |
Rhaphithamnus spinosus | 139 | 370 | 69 | 301 | 23 | 23 |
Other species ** | 6 | 116 | 23 | 93 | 23 | 0 |
Sub-total | 10,439 | 23,262 | 10,416 | 21,828 | 2476 | 2545 |
N (Trees Per ha) | Basal Area (m2 ha−1) | Volume (m3 ha−1) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Site | Plot | Treatment | 2012 (Before) | 2013 (After) | 2012 (Before) | 2013 (After) | 2012 (Before) | 2013 (After) |
LL | P1 | LRBA | 1360 | 1331 | 49.7 | 41.3 | 369.7 | 278.3 |
P3 | LRBA | 1640 | 1532 | 68.3 | 41.4 | 542.8 | 371.12 | |
P5 | LRBA | 1241 | 1136 | 62.9 | 38.7 | 550.5 | 327.6 | |
P7 | LRBA | 1619 | 1426 | 73.3 | 43.4 | 563.3 | 342.7 | |
Mean ± standard deviation | 1465 ± 196 | 1356 ± 168 | 63.6 ± 10.2 | 41.2 ± 1.9 | 506.6 ± 91.6 | 329.9 ± 38.9 | ||
LR | P2 | LRBA | 1681 | 1244 | 64.4 | 39.9 | 448.7 | 273.0 |
P3 | LRBA | 1526 | 1277 | 50.7 | 42.4 | 348.6 | 291.6 | |
P4 | LRBA | 1411 | 924 | 88.0 | 42.7 | 659.3 | 301.6 | |
P7 | LRBA | 1966 | 1665 | 58.3 | 44.9 | 397.0 | 295.3 | |
Mean ± standard deviation | 1646 ± 240 | 1277 ± 303 | 65.4 ± 16.1 | 42.0 ± 2.0 | 463.4 ± 136.8 | 290.4 ± 12.3 | ||
LL | P2 | HRBA | 2085 | 2016 | 75.6 | 59.4 | 595.9 | 508.5 |
P4 | HRBA | 1355 | 1263 | 97.5 | 59.9 | 735.0 | 477.1 | |
P6 | HRBA | 1608 | 1568 | 58.9 | 53.0 | 445.4 | 401.9 | |
P8 | HRBA | 1519 | 1448 | 81.2 | 60.6 | 653.0 | 511.6 | |
Mean ± standard deviation | 1641 ± 313 | 1574 ± 320 | 78.3 ± 15.9 | 58.2 ± 3.5 | 607.3 ± 122.1 | 474.8 ± 51 | ||
LR | P1 | HRBA | 1688 | 1045 | 84.1 | 62.2 | 593.2 | 435.0 |
P5 | HRBA | 1804 | 1378 | 86.3 | 58.6 | 627.6 | 435.5 | |
P6 | HRBA | 1556 | 1158 | 97.0 | 61.0 | 691.3 | 432.0 | |
P8 | HRBA | 1332 | 1011 | 97.0 | 61.6 | 634.1 | 399.5 | |
Mean ± standard deviation | 1595 ± 203 | 1148 ± 166 | 91.1 ± 6.9 | 60.9 ± 1.6 | 636.6 ± 40.7 | 425.5 ± 17.4 |
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Donoso, P.J.; Ojeda, P.F.; Schnabel, F.; Nyland, R.D. Initial Responses in Growth, Production, and Regeneration following Selection Cuttings in Hardwood-Dominated Temperate Rainforests in Chile. Forests 2020, 11, 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040412
Donoso PJ, Ojeda PF, Schnabel F, Nyland RD. Initial Responses in Growth, Production, and Regeneration following Selection Cuttings in Hardwood-Dominated Temperate Rainforests in Chile. Forests. 2020; 11(4):412. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040412
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonoso, Pablo J., Patricio F. Ojeda, Florian Schnabel, and Ralph D. Nyland. 2020. "Initial Responses in Growth, Production, and Regeneration following Selection Cuttings in Hardwood-Dominated Temperate Rainforests in Chile" Forests 11, no. 4: 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040412