Estimating Biomass and Carbon Storage by Georgia Forest Types and Species Groups Using the FIA Data Diameters, Basal Areas, Site Indices, and Total Heights
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site, Biomass, Forest Types, and Species Groups
2.2. Data Acquisition
2.3. Biomass Estimation
2.3.1. Biomass Per Tree
2.3.2. Total Biomass Calculations
2.4. Visualization of the Estimated Biomass and Carbon Quantities
3. Results
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
FIA Species Groups | Coefficients | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | d | f | g | |
Jack pine | 16.934 | −0.12972 | 1 | 0.20854 | 0.77792 | 0.12902 |
Red pine | 36.851 | −0.08298 | 1 | 0.00001 | 0.63884 | 0.18231 |
Eastern white pine | 16.281 | −0.08621 | 1 | 0.1622 | 0.86833 | 0.23316 |
Ponderosa pine | 36.851 | −0.08298 | 1 | 0.00001 | 0.63884 | 0.18231 |
White spruce | 31.957 | −0.18511 | 1.702 | 0 | 0.68967 | 0.162 |
Black spruce | 20.038 | −0.18981 | 1.2909 | 0.17836 | 0.57343 | 0.10159 |
Balsam fir | 14.304 | −0.19894 | 1.4195 | 0.23349 | 0.76878 | 0.12399 |
Hemlock | 5.3117 | −0.10357 | 1 | 0.68454 | 0.7141 | 0 |
Eastern cedar, other cedars | 8.2079 | −0.19672 | 1.3112 | 0.33978 | 0.76173 | 0.11666 |
Other softwoods | 16.934 | −0.12972 | 1 | 0.20854 | 0.77792 | 0.12902 |
Select white oak, white oak | 9.2078 | −0.22208 | 1 | 0.31723 | 0.8256 | 0.13465 |
Select red oak | 6.6844 | −0.19049 | 1 | 0.43972 | 0.82962 | 0.10806 |
Other red oak | 3.8011 | −0.39213 | 2.9053 | 0.55634 | 0.84317 | 0.09593 |
Select hickory | 6.1034 | −0.17368 | 1 | 0.44725 | 1.0237 | 0.1461 |
Basswood | 6.3628 | −0.27859 | 1.8677 | 0.49589 | 0.76169 | 0.05841 |
Beech | 7.1852 | −0.28384 | 1.4417 | 0.38884 | 0.82157 | 0.11411 |
Hard maple | 5.3416 | −0.23044 | 1.1529 | 0.54194 | 0.8344 | 0.06372 |
Soft maple | 6.68 | −0.27725 | 1.4287 | 0.40115 | 0.85299 | 0.12403 |
Elm | 8.458 | −0.27527 | 1.9602 | 0.34894 | 0.89213 | 0.12594 |
Black ash | 11.291 | −0.2525 | 1.5466 | 0.35711 | 0.7506 | 0.06859 |
White ash, green ash | 8.1782 | −0.27316 | 1.725 | 0.38694 | 0.75822 | 0.10847 |
Sycamore | 6.3628 | −0.27859 | 1.8677 | 0.49589 | 0.76169 | 0.05841 |
Cottonwood, willow | 13.625 | −0.28668 | 1.6124 | 0.30651 | 1.0292 | 0.0746 |
Balsam poplar, quaking aspen | 6.4301 | −0.23545 | 1.338 | 0.4737 | 0.73385 | 0.08228 |
Bigtooth aspen | 5.5346 | −0.22637 | 1 | 0.46918 | 0.72456 | 0.11782 |
River birch, paper birch | 7.2773 | −0.22721 | 1 | 0.41179 | 0.76498 | 0.11046 |
Black cherry | 5.3416 | −0.23044 | 1.1529 | 0.54194 | 0.8344 | 0.06372 |
Yl. Pop, Butternut, bl. walnut, | 6.3628 | −0.27859 | 1.8677 | 0.49589 | 0.76169 | 0.05841 |
Other hardwoods | 6.9572 | −0.26564 | 1 | 0.4866 | 0.76954 | 0.01618 |
FIA Species Group | Species | Biomass Type | Reference | a | b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
110 | Shortleaf pine | Dry without foliage | [18] | −1.55499 | 1.12266 |
Dry including foliage | [18] | −1.52244 | 1.11886 | ||
Dry foliage | [18] | −2.61282 | 1.03712 | ||
Green without foliage | [18] | −1.25376 | 1.12517 | ||
Green including foliage | [18] | −1.20938 | 1.11931 | ||
Green foliage | [18] | −2.11074 | 1.01076 | ||
131 | Loblolly pine | Dry without foliage | [21] | −1.072 | 0.99421 |
Dry including foliage | [21] | −1.0293 | 0.98788 | ||
Dry foliage | [21] | −1.87201 | 0.84237 | ||
Green without foliage | [21] | −0.83678 | 1.01136 | ||
Green including foliage | [21] | −0.78974 | 1.00404 | ||
Green foliage | [21] | −1.54968 | 0.83959 | ||
121 | Longleaf pine | Dry without foliage | [13] | −1.15588 | 1.027 |
(DBH3 5 inches) | Dry including foliage | [13] | −1.06186 | 1.00853 | |
Green without foliage | [13] | −0.75522 | 1.00514 | ||
Green including foliage | [13] | −0.64745 | 0.98442 | ||
121 | Longleaf pine | Dry without foliage | [13] | −0.71944 | 0.88503 |
(DBH < 5 inches) | Dry including foliage | [13] | −0.65729 | 0.88019 | |
Green without foliage | [13] | −0.31359 | 0.85584 | ||
Green including foliage | [13] | −0.24556 | 0.85263 | ||
111 | Slash pine | Dry without foliage | [22] | −1.20931 | 1.0431 |
Dry including foliage | [22] | −1.16061 | 1.03527 | ||
Dry foliage | [22] | −1.90538 | 0.85834 | ||
Green without foliage | [22] | −0.93767 | 1.03929 | ||
Green including foliage | [22] | −0.88096 | 1.03014 | ||
Green foliage | [22] | −1.54455 | 0.84989 | ||
Other softwoods | as Slash pine | All | [22] | As above | As above |
FIA Species Group | Species | Biomass type | Reference | A | b | c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
812 | Southern red oak | Dry without foliage | [24] | 0.06707 | 0.96117 | |
(DBH < 11 inches) | Dry including foliage | [24] | 0.07361 | 0.95348 | ||
Green without foliage | [24] | 0.12015 | 0.95457 | |||
Green including foliage | [24] | 0.13815 | 0.94228 | |||
812 | Southern red oak | Dry without foliage | [24] | 0.0277 | 1.14557 | 0.96117 |
(DBH3 11 inches) | Dry including foliage | [24] | 0.0281 | 1.15418 | 0.95348 | |
Green without foliage | [24] | 0.04601 | 1.15471 | 0.95457 | ||
Green including foliage | [24] | 0.04665 | 1.16866 | 0.94228 | ||
611 | Sweetgum | Dry without foliage | [24] | 0.049 | 0.94648 | |
(DBH < 11 inches) | Dry including foliage | [24] | 0.05152 | 0.94351 | ||
Green without foliage | [24] | 0.10528 | 0.94503 | |||
Green including foliage | [24] | 0.1155 | 0.9383 | |||
611 | Sweetgum | Dry without foliage | [24] | 0.01278 | 1.22662 | 0.94648 |
(DBH3 11 inches) | Dry including foliage | [24] | 0.01409 | 1.2138 | 0.94351 | |
Green without foliage | [24] | 0.03175 | 1.19494 | 0.94503 | ||
Green including foliage | [24] | 0.03517 | 1.18624 | 0.9383 | ||
621 | Yellow poplar | Dry without foliage | [24] | 0.0522 | 0.95352 | |
(DBH < 11 inches) | Dry including foliage | [24] | 0.05583 | 0.9482 | ||
Green without foliage | [24] | 0.11943 | 0.93782 | |||
Green including foliage | [24] | 0.13684 | 0.92608 | |||
621 | Yellow poplar | Dry without foliage | [24] | 0.03109 | 1.06155 | 0.95352 |
(DBH3 11 inches) | Dry including foliage | [24] | 0.03296 | 1.05809 | 0.9482 | |
Green without foliage | [24] | 0.06298 | 1.07125 | 0.93782 | ||
Green including foliage | [24] | 0.06819 | 1.07131 | 0.92608 | ||
691 | Tupelo | Dry without foliage | [23] | 0.05548 | 0.92453 | |
Dry including foliage | [23] | 0.05696 | 0.92338 | |||
Green without foliage | [23] | 0.11048 | 0.9211 | |||
Green including foliage | [23] | 0.11539 | 0.91882 | |||
693 | Blackgum | Dry without foliage | [23] | 0.07011 | 0.93057 | |
(DBH < 11 inches) | Dry including foliage | [23] | 0.07335 | 0.92799 | ||
Green without foliage | [23] | 0.11712 | 0.94824 | |||
Green including foliage | [23] | 0.12331 | 0.94557 | |||
693 | Blackgum | Dry without foliage | [23] | 0.02912 | 1.11381 | 0.93057 |
(DBH3 11 inches) | Dry including foliage | [23] | 0.0302 | 1.11305 | 0.92799 | |
Green without foliage | [23] | 0.0536 | 1.11125 | 0.94824 | ||
Green including foliage | [23] | 0.05576 | 1.11106 | 0.94557 | ||
802 | White oak | Dry without foliage | [24] | 0.05928 | 0.98979 | |
(DBH < 11 inches) | Dry including foliage | [24] | 0.0612 | 0.98969 | ||
Green without foliage | [24] | 0.10312 | 0.98415 | |||
Green including foliage | [24] | 0.10895 | 0.98258 | |||
802 | White oak | Dry without foliage | [24] | 0.02926 | 1.13699 | 0.98979 |
(DBH3 11 inches) | Dry including foliage | [24] | 0.03071 | 1.13346 | 0.98969 | |
Green without foliage | [24] | 0.0437 | 1.16321 | 0.98415 | ||
Green including foliage | [24] | 0.05143 | 1.15748 | 0.98258 | ||
Other hardwoods | Dry without foliage | [24] | 0.06679 | 0.94275 | ||
(DBH < 11 inches) | Dry including foliage | [24] | 0.07153 | 0.938 | ||
Green without foliage | [24] | 0.12327 | 0.94274 | |||
Green including foliage | [24] | 0.13901 | 0.93307 | |||
Other hardwoods | Dry without foliage | [24] | 0.02252 | 1.16948 | 0.94275 | |
(DBH3 11 inches) | Dry including foliage | [24] | 0.02366 | 1.16867 | 0.938 | |
Green without foliage | [24] | 0.04038 | 1.17543 | 0.94274 | ||
Green including foliage | [24] | 0.04279 | 1.17874 | 0.933137 |
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Tree Species or Species Group | Source of Equation(s) |
---|---|
Shortleaf pine | [18] |
Loblolly pine | [21] |
Longleaf pine | [13] |
Slash pine | [22] |
Other pines—as slash pine | [22] |
Hardwoods | [23,24] |
Tree | Foliage | Roots | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mil. t | % | mil. t | % | mil. t | % | mil. t | % | ||
Species groups | Hardwood | 479 | 59 | 13 | 46 | 105 | 58 | 598 | 59 |
496 | 59 | 14 | 47 | 107 | 58 | 617 | 58 | ||
Softwood | 330 | 41 | 15 | 54 | 75 | 42 | 419 | 41 | |
348 | 41 | 16 | 53 | 80 | 42 | 444 | 42 | ||
Forest type | Evergreen | 319 | 40 | 14 | 50 | 74 | 41 | 407 | 40 |
340 | 40 | 15 | 50 | 79 | 42 | 434 | 41 | ||
Deciduous | 392 | 48 | 11 | 39 | 84 | 47 | 487 | 48 | |
394 | 47 | 11 | 37 | 84 | 45 | 489 | 46 | ||
Mixed | 98 | 12 | 3 | 11 | 22 | 12 | 123 | 12 | |
110 | 13 | 4 | 13 | 24 | 13 | 138 | 13 | ||
Sum of components’ dry biomass (million tons) | 809 | 79 | 28 | 3 | 180 | 18 | 1017 | 100 | |
844 | 79 | 30 | 3 | 187 | 18 | 1061 | 100 |
Tree | Foliage | Roots | Total | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tg | % | Tg | % | Tg | % | Tg | % | ||
Species groups | Hardwood | 239.5 | 59 | 6.5 | 46 | 52.5 | 58 | 299.0 | 59 |
248.0 | 59 | 7.0 | 47 | 53.5 | 58 | 308.5 | 58 | ||
Softwood | 165.0 | 41 | 7.5 | 54 | 37.5 | 42 | 209.5 | 41 | |
174.0 | 41 | 8.0 | 53 | 40.0 | 42 | 222.0 | 42 | ||
Forest type | Evergreen | 159.5 | 40 | 7.0 | 50 | 37.0 | 41 | 203.5 | 40 |
170.0 | 40 | 7.5 | 50 | 39.5 | 42 | 217.0 | 41 | ||
Deciduous | 196.0 | 48 | 5.5 | 39 | 42.0 | 47 | 243.5 | 48 | |
197.0 | 47 | 5.5 | 37 | 42.0 | 45 | 244.5 | 46 | ||
Mixed | 49.0 | 12 | 1.5 | 11 | 11.0 | 12 | 61.5 | 12 | |
55.0 | 13 | 2.0 | 13 | 12.0 | 13 | 69.0 | 13 | ||
Sum of component’s carbon content (Tg) | 404.5 | 79 | 14 | 3 | 90.0 | 18 | 508.5 | 100 | |
422.0 | 79 | 15 | 3 | 93.5 | 18 | 530.5 | 100 |
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Cieszewski, C.J.; Zasada, M.; Lowe, R.C.; Liu, S. Estimating Biomass and Carbon Storage by Georgia Forest Types and Species Groups Using the FIA Data Diameters, Basal Areas, Site Indices, and Total Heights. Forests 2021, 12, 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12020141
Cieszewski CJ, Zasada M, Lowe RC, Liu S. Estimating Biomass and Carbon Storage by Georgia Forest Types and Species Groups Using the FIA Data Diameters, Basal Areas, Site Indices, and Total Heights. Forests. 2021; 12(2):141. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12020141
Chicago/Turabian StyleCieszewski, Chris J., Michał Zasada, Roger C. Lowe, and Shanbin Liu. 2021. "Estimating Biomass and Carbon Storage by Georgia Forest Types and Species Groups Using the FIA Data Diameters, Basal Areas, Site Indices, and Total Heights" Forests 12, no. 2: 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12020141
APA StyleCieszewski, C. J., Zasada, M., Lowe, R. C., & Liu, S. (2021). Estimating Biomass and Carbon Storage by Georgia Forest Types and Species Groups Using the FIA Data Diameters, Basal Areas, Site Indices, and Total Heights. Forests, 12(2), 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12020141