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Article

Variation in Seed Harvest Potential of Carapa guianensis Aublet in the Brazilian Amazon: A Multi-Year, Multi-Region Study of Determinants of Mast Seeding and Seed Quantity

by
Christie A. Klimas
1,*,
Lúcia Helena de Oliveira Wadt
2,
Carolina Volkmer de Castilho
3,
Ana Cláudia Lira-Guedes
4,
Patricia da Costa
5 and
Fernanda Lopes da Fonseca
6
1
Environmental Science and Studies Department, DePaul University, McGowan South 203, 1110 West Belden Ave., Chicago, IL 60601, USA
2
Embapa Rondônia, Porto Velho 76815-800, RO, Brazil
3
Embrapa Roraima, Boa Vista 69301-970, RR, Brazil
4
Embrapa Amapá, Macapá 68903-419, AP, Brazil
5
Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Jaguariúna 13918-110, SP, Brazil
6
Embrapa Acre, Rio Branco 69900-970, AC, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Forests 2021, 12(6), 683; https://doi.org/10.3390/f12060683
Submission received: 15 March 2021 / Revised: 18 May 2021 / Accepted: 19 May 2021 / Published: 27 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Forest Ecology and Management)
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Abstract

This work augments research on masting for the economically important tropical tree Carapa guianensis Aublet, specifically on whether determinants of mast years vary regionally, spatially, and due to longer term ENSO climate patterns. Longer term measurements (an 11-year period in Acre and Roraima; 4 years and 8 months in Amapá) from three regions of the Brazilian Amazon allowed for the analysis of whether climate cues were regionally consistent for this species. We used generalized linear mixed models, to determine which factors were significant in predicting whether trees would produce in a given year and to model the seed production quantity. We found a positive effect of increasing the diameter at breast height (dbh) on the quantity and likelihood of seed production. Our results also suggested that ecosystems and climate cues may jointly affect seed production. In flooded forests, increases in dry season rainfall had a negative impact on the likelihood of seed production whilst none of the precipitation variables investigated influenced the quantity of seeds produced. In drier terra firme forests in Acre with extended dry seasons, increases in dry season precipitation had significant and positive impacts on both the likelihood and the quantity of seed production. Our results illustrate the importance of considering plant habitat and climate to better understand individual and regional differences in seed production and their responses to inter-annual climate variation.
Keywords: non-timber forest products; forest management; multi-use species non-timber forest products; forest management; multi-use species

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MDPI and ACS Style

Klimas, C.A.; Wadt, L.H.d.O.; Castilho, C.V.d.; Lira-Guedes, A.C.; da Costa, P.; da Fonseca, F.L. Variation in Seed Harvest Potential of Carapa guianensis Aublet in the Brazilian Amazon: A Multi-Year, Multi-Region Study of Determinants of Mast Seeding and Seed Quantity. Forests 2021, 12, 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12060683

AMA Style

Klimas CA, Wadt LHdO, Castilho CVd, Lira-Guedes AC, da Costa P, da Fonseca FL. Variation in Seed Harvest Potential of Carapa guianensis Aublet in the Brazilian Amazon: A Multi-Year, Multi-Region Study of Determinants of Mast Seeding and Seed Quantity. Forests. 2021; 12(6):683. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12060683

Chicago/Turabian Style

Klimas, Christie A., Lúcia Helena de Oliveira Wadt, Carolina Volkmer de Castilho, Ana Cláudia Lira-Guedes, Patricia da Costa, and Fernanda Lopes da Fonseca. 2021. "Variation in Seed Harvest Potential of Carapa guianensis Aublet in the Brazilian Amazon: A Multi-Year, Multi-Region Study of Determinants of Mast Seeding and Seed Quantity" Forests 12, no. 6: 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12060683

APA Style

Klimas, C. A., Wadt, L. H. d. O., Castilho, C. V. d., Lira-Guedes, A. C., da Costa, P., & da Fonseca, F. L. (2021). Variation in Seed Harvest Potential of Carapa guianensis Aublet in the Brazilian Amazon: A Multi-Year, Multi-Region Study of Determinants of Mast Seeding and Seed Quantity. Forests, 12(6), 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12060683

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