The Multivariate Distribution of Stand Spatial Structure and Tree Size Indices Using Neighborhood-Based Variables in Coniferous and Broad Mixed Forest
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Study Design and Sampling
2.3. Forest Spatial Structure Parameters
2.4. Coupling Method
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Multivariate Distribution of Spatial Structure Indices
3.2. Coupling of Spatial Structure Indices and Tree Size
4. Discussion
4.1. The Superiority of the Six-Variable Distribution Method Compared to the Univariate Method
4.2. Relationship between Forest Spatial Structure and Tree Size
4.3. The Role of the N-Variable Distribution Method in Forest Structure Adjustment
4.4. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plot Number | Slope Aspect | Slope/Degree | Tree Number | Mean DBH /cm | Mean Height /m | Mean East–West Crown Diameter/m | Mean North–South Crown Diameter/m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | southwestern | 15 | 94 | 16.5 | 14.9 | 3.9 | 3.6 |
2 | south | 15 | 121 | 15.4 | 13.8 | 3.9 | 3.7 |
3 | south | 40 | 116 | 13.5 | 12.4 | 3.6 | 3.7 |
4 | southwestern | 20 | 125 | 12.9 | 10.1 | 2.1 | 2.6 |
5 | south | 14 | 98 | 13.5 | 11.8 | 2.5 | 2.8 |
6 | south | 20 | 126 | 9.6 | 8.5 | 3.1 | 3.3 |
7 | southwestern | 16 | 122 | 14.7 | 13.9 | 2.6 | 2.9 |
8 | southwestern | 15 | 95 | 10.7 | 9.1 | 2.5 | 2.4 |
9 | south | 20 | 131 | 13.1 | 12.7 | 3.3 | 3.2 |
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Wang, Y.; Li, J.; Cao, X.; Liu, Z.; Lv, Y. The Multivariate Distribution of Stand Spatial Structure and Tree Size Indices Using Neighborhood-Based Variables in Coniferous and Broad Mixed Forest. Forests 2023, 14, 2228. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14112228
Wang Y, Li J, Cao X, Liu Z, Lv Y. The Multivariate Distribution of Stand Spatial Structure and Tree Size Indices Using Neighborhood-Based Variables in Coniferous and Broad Mixed Forest. Forests. 2023; 14(11):2228. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14112228
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yiru, Jiping Li, Xiaoyu Cao, Zhaohua Liu, and Yong Lv. 2023. "The Multivariate Distribution of Stand Spatial Structure and Tree Size Indices Using Neighborhood-Based Variables in Coniferous and Broad Mixed Forest" Forests 14, no. 11: 2228. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14112228