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Communication

In Situ Detection of the Flexural Fracture Behaviors of Inner and Outer Bamboo-Based Composites

1
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150006, China
2
Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Forests 2023, 14(3), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14030515
Submission received: 31 January 2023 / Revised: 25 February 2023 / Accepted: 28 February 2023 / Published: 6 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Eco-Friendly Wood-Based Composites II)

Abstract

This paper investigated the fracture toughness and enhancement mechanism for each component in bamboo-based composites at the cellular level. In situ characterization techniques identified the fracture behaviors of bamboo-based composites in three-point bending tests, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) further visualized the crack propagation of the fracture surface. In addition, the improvement mechanism of bamboo-based composites was illustrated by mechanical properties at the cellular level assisted with nanoindentation tests. Our in situ test results showed that the bamboo-based composites exhibited a longer deformation and higher bending load compared with bamboo. The fracture was non-catastrophic, and crack propagated in a tortuous manner in bamboo-based composites. Microstructural analysis revealed that phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin pulled out and middle lamella (ML) breaking rather than transverse transwall fracturing occurred in parenchymal cells. The higher density of fibers in the bamboo-based composites triggered massive interfacial delamination in the middle lamella (ML), which was a weak mechanical interface. Furthermore, indented modulus and hardness illustrated that phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin improved the mechanical strength of cell walls, especially parenchymal cells. The crosslinks of PF resin with the cell walls and massive fibers were the primary mechanisms responsible for the fracture toughness of bamboo-based composites, which could be helpful for advanced composites.
Keywords: fracture behaviors; fibers; in situ bending tests; mechanical properties; parenchymal cells; bamboo-based composites fracture behaviors; fibers; in situ bending tests; mechanical properties; parenchymal cells; bamboo-based composites

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hao, X.; Yu, Y.; Yang, C.; Yu, W. In Situ Detection of the Flexural Fracture Behaviors of Inner and Outer Bamboo-Based Composites. Forests 2023, 14, 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14030515

AMA Style

Hao X, Yu Y, Yang C, Yu W. In Situ Detection of the Flexural Fracture Behaviors of Inner and Outer Bamboo-Based Composites. Forests. 2023; 14(3):515. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14030515

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao, Xiu, Yanglun Yu, Chunmei Yang, and Wenji Yu. 2023. "In Situ Detection of the Flexural Fracture Behaviors of Inner and Outer Bamboo-Based Composites" Forests 14, no. 3: 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14030515

APA Style

Hao, X., Yu, Y., Yang, C., & Yu, W. (2023). In Situ Detection of the Flexural Fracture Behaviors of Inner and Outer Bamboo-Based Composites. Forests, 14(3), 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14030515

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