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Volume 15
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10.3390/f15122125
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Article

Morpho-Physiological Adjustment of Swietenia humilis Zucc. Plants to Varied Nutrient and Light Conditions and Their Performance in Nurseries and Fields Under Soils with Different Preparations

by
Celi Gloria Calixto-Valencia
1,
Víctor M. Cetina-Alcalá
2,*,
Pablo Antúnez
3,
Miguel Á. López-López
2,
Gregorio Ángeles-Pérez
2,
Armando Equihua-Martínez
2 and
Erickson Basave-Villalobos
4,*
1
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Iguala, Iguala 40000, Guerrero, Mexico
2
Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecilllo, Montecillo 56264, Texcoco, Mexico
3
División de Estudios de Posgrado, Instituto de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad de la Sierra Juárez, Oaxaca 68725, Oaxaca, Mexico
4
Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Campo Experimental Valle del Guadiana, Durango 34170, Durango, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Forests 2024, 15(12), 2125; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15122125
Submission received: 27 October 2024 / Revised: 27 November 2024 / Accepted: 28 November 2024 / Published: 1 December 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production in Forest Nurseries, Field Performance of Seedlings and Natural Regeneration in the Context of Climate Change)
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Abstract

To enhance the plantation performance of Swietenia humilis Zucc., a threatened precious woody species from the dry tropics of Latin America, this study examined its morpho-physiological responses to variations in nutrient and light availability. We established a nursery trial with factorial treatments: three levels of fertilization (4, 6, and 8 g L−1 of substrate using a controlled-release fertilizer, CRF, 18-6-12) and two shade intensities (60% and 40%), alongside a full sun treatment. The field performance of nursery-raised plants was evaluated under two site conditions (with and without mechanical soil preparation) over 48 months. In the nursery, S. humilis exhibited diverse morpho-physiological characteristics influenced by the studied factors, with optimal growth observed at 6 g of the CRF and 40% shade. Mechanical soil preparation significantly improved plant survival, reducing mortality risk by 99.16% and increasing survival probability to nearly 75%. Height growth was also enhanced, being 2.5 times greater in the prepared site compared to that in the unprepared one. S. humilis showed acclimatization in the field, producing new foliage with high chlorophyll content. In conclusion, nursery management and soil site preparation influence the field performance of S. humilis. These findings have practical implications for improving the management of S. humilis in plantations across the dry tropics.
Keywords: conservation; ecophysiology; functional traits; seedling quality conservation; ecophysiology; functional traits; seedling quality

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MDPI and ACS Style

Calixto-Valencia, C.G.; Cetina-Alcalá, V.M.; Antúnez, P.; López-López, M.Á.; Ángeles-Pérez, G.; Equihua-Martínez, A.; Basave-Villalobos, E. Morpho-Physiological Adjustment of Swietenia humilis Zucc. Plants to Varied Nutrient and Light Conditions and Their Performance in Nurseries and Fields Under Soils with Different Preparations. Forests 2024, 15, 2125. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15122125

AMA Style

Calixto-Valencia CG, Cetina-Alcalá VM, Antúnez P, López-López MÁ, Ángeles-Pérez G, Equihua-Martínez A, Basave-Villalobos E. Morpho-Physiological Adjustment of Swietenia humilis Zucc. Plants to Varied Nutrient and Light Conditions and Their Performance in Nurseries and Fields Under Soils with Different Preparations. Forests. 2024; 15(12):2125. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15122125

Chicago/Turabian Style

Calixto-Valencia, Celi Gloria, Víctor M. Cetina-Alcalá, Pablo Antúnez, Miguel Á. López-López, Gregorio Ángeles-Pérez, Armando Equihua-Martínez, and Erickson Basave-Villalobos. 2024. "Morpho-Physiological Adjustment of Swietenia humilis Zucc. Plants to Varied Nutrient and Light Conditions and Their Performance in Nurseries and Fields Under Soils with Different Preparations" Forests 15, no. 12: 2125. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15122125

APA Style

Calixto-Valencia, C. G., Cetina-Alcalá, V. M., Antúnez, P., López-López, M. Á., Ángeles-Pérez, G., Equihua-Martínez, A., & Basave-Villalobos, E. (2024). Morpho-Physiological Adjustment of Swietenia humilis Zucc. Plants to Varied Nutrient and Light Conditions and Their Performance in Nurseries and Fields Under Soils with Different Preparations. Forests, 15(12), 2125. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15122125

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