Needle Biomass Turnover Rate in Scots Pine Stands of Different Ages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Sample Plot Selection
2.3. Tree Measurements
2.4. Sample Collection and Laboratory Procedures
2.5. Data Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The average annual needle litter production of the 20 sampled Scots pine stands was 2008 kg·ha−1·year−1, similar to the values reported for this tree species in other temperate forests in Europe.
- The average needle biomass turnover rate for the sampled Scots pine stands aged 26 to 90 years was 23.4%. This parameter can be used to estimate needle litterfall and may be applicable to conditions corresponding to those of temperate forests in Central and Western Europe.
- We could not support the hypothesis that the needle biomass turnover rate for Scots pine depends on the age of the stand.
- The needle biomass turnover rate showed a positive correlation with crown length and a negative correlation with stand density. However, due to the very weak correlations, further research is needed to confirm these relationships.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Plot | Stand Age (years) | Stand Density (tree·ha−1) | Quadratic Mean Diameter (cm) | Stand Height (m) | Mean Crown Length (m) | Basal Area (m2·ha−1) | Stand Volume (m3·ha−1) | Crown Cover (%) | Site Index (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 26 | 5500 | 8.6 | 9.0 | 3.4 | 31.8 | 37 | 93 | 30.7 |
2 | 27 | 2900 | 10.9 | 7.1 | 3.8 | 22.2 | 78 | 89 | 32.2 |
3 | 32 | 2650 | 11.3 | 12.4 | 3.5 | 26.8 | 150 | 75 | 23.3 |
4 | 41 | 2281 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 4.5 | 34.2 | 246 | 79 | 32.4 |
5 | 42 | 1457 | 14.4 | 13.0 | 4.4 | 24.1 | 145 | 58 | 23.2 |
6 | 45 | 1750 | 15.7 | 15.5 | 4.4 | 33.7 | 244 | 79 | 29.4 |
7 | 46 | 1556 | 13.5 | 13.3 | 5.0 | 31.2 | 224 | 76 | 28.3 |
8 | 47 | 794 | 21.1 | 17.0 | 6.6 | 27.8 | 221 | 67 | 30.6 |
9 | 48 | 1331 | 18.4 | 19.1 | 5.4 | 35.5 | 320 | 83 | 34.0 |
10 | 48 | 1850 | 14.5 | 14.0 | 4.1 | 30.7 | 201 | 67 | 24.7 |
11 | 51 | 2066 | 13.5 | 13.3 | 4.7 | 29.8 | 195 | 85 | 27.0 |
12 | 51 | 862 | 21.3 | 19.7 | 5.6 | 30.9 | 281 | 68 | 31.2 |
13 | 53 | 1375 | 14.9 | 14.4 | 4.5 | 24.1 | 162 | 64 | 25.5 |
14 | 60 | 1750 | 14.8 | 11.3 | 3.9 | 30.3 | 178 | 73 | 22.5 |
15 | 67 | 1387 | 15.6 | 15.6 | 4.4 | 29.1 | 211 | 55 | 26.3 |
16 | 74 | 763 | 21.2 | 18.5 | 5.4 | 26.9 | 230 | 54 | 24.0 |
17 | 80 | 870 | 26.9 | 22.3 | 6.8 | 49.6 | 508 | 71 | 27.7 |
18 | 88 | 681 | 24.1 | 19.0 | 5.8 | 31.0 | 270 | 77 | 29.8 |
19 | 89 | 719 | 25.6 | 21.4 | 6.0 | 37.1 | 366 | 74 | 25.5 |
20 | 90 | 634 | 26.1 | 21.9 | 6.2 | 34.0 | 339 | 61 | 24.8 |
Sample Plot | Stand Age (years) | Aboveground Biomass (kg·ha−1) | Needle Biomass (kg·ha−1) | Needle Mass Fraction (%) | Needle Litterfall (kg·ha−1·yr−1) | Needle Biomass Turnover Rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 26 | 109,873 | 14,722 | 13.4 | 2310 | 15.7 |
2 | 27 | 85,011 | 9003 | 10.6 | 2390 | 26.5 |
3 | 32 | 151,008 | 12,715 | 8.4 | 2230 | 17.5 |
4 | 41 | 163,567 | 10,347 | 6.3 | 2400 | 23.2 |
5 | 42 | 104,154 | 8031 | 7.7 | 1610 | 20.0 |
6 | 45 | 161,911 | 9896 | 6.1 | 2400 | 24.3 |
7 | 46 | 155,298 | 8808 | 5.7 | 2070 | 23.5 |
8 | 47 | 166,209 | 6359 | 3.8 | 1640 | 25.8 |
9 | 48 | 194,939 | 8926 | 4.6 | 2410 | 27.0 |
10 | 48 | 139,089 | 9695 | 7.0 | 1610 | 16.6 |
11 | 51 | 136,424 | 9434 | 6.9 | 2610 | 27.7 |
12 | 51 | 172,025 | 7299 | 4.2 | 1910 | 26.2 |
13 | 53 | 110,903 | 7474 | 6.7 | 1870 | 25.0 |
14 | 60 | 128,600 | 10,262 | 8.0 | 1910 | 18.6 |
15 | 67 | 140,008 | 8156 | 5.8 | 1350 | 16.6 |
16 | 74 | 144,814 | 6613 | 4.6 | 1620 | 24.5 |
17 | 80 | 300,744 | 10,268 | 3.4 | 1920 | 18.7 |
18 | 88 | 169,988 | 7208 | 4.2 | 1800 | 25.0 |
19 | 89 | 219,392 | 7987 | 3.6 | 1920 | 24.0 |
20 | 90 | 202,319 | 7210 | 3.6 | 2190 | 30.4 |
Average | 157,814 | 9021 | 6.2 | 2008 | 22.8 |
Variable | Needle Biomass Turnover Rate | |
---|---|---|
r | p | |
Stand age | 0.2456 | 0.2966 |
Quadratic mean diameter | 0.3951 | 0.0847 |
Stand height | 0.3623 | 0.1165 |
Crown length | 0.4953 * | 0.0264 |
Stand density | −0.4557 * | 0.0435 |
Basal area | −0.0864 | 0.7174 |
Stand volume | 0.2548 | 0.2784 |
Crown cover | 0.0557 | 0.8156 |
Aboveground biomass | 0.1204 | 0.6132 |
Needle biomass | −0.6199 ** | 0.0035 |
Needle mass fraction | −0.4625 * | 0.0400 |
Site index | 0.3419 | 0.1401 |
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Turski, M.; Korczyński, I.; Łukowski, A.; Węgiel, A. Needle Biomass Turnover Rate in Scots Pine Stands of Different Ages. Forests 2024, 15, 1454. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15081454
Turski M, Korczyński I, Łukowski A, Węgiel A. Needle Biomass Turnover Rate in Scots Pine Stands of Different Ages. Forests. 2024; 15(8):1454. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15081454
Chicago/Turabian StyleTurski, Mieczysław, Ignacy Korczyński, Adrian Łukowski, and Andrzej Węgiel. 2024. "Needle Biomass Turnover Rate in Scots Pine Stands of Different Ages" Forests 15, no. 8: 1454. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15081454