How to Count the Uncountable? An Attempt at Wild Boar Sus scrofa, Linnaeus, 1758 Monitoring in an Urbanized Area
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Study Sectors
2.3. Snow Tracking on Transect Routes
2.4. Camera Traps and Random Encounter Model (REM)
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Wild Boar Density in Warsaw
3.2. Wild Boar Density Estimate with Random Encounter Model (REM)
3.3. Wild Boar Abundance Assessment in One of the City Districts (Wawer)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Description of Study Sectors
Appendix B. Habitat Composition of Study Sectors (no. 1–7) Located in Wawer City District
Habitat Category | Sector no (% of Area) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
Continuous urban fabric | 0.1 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 1.9 | 20.5 | 1.1 | 0.1 |
Discontinuous urban fabric | 0.0 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 9.7 | 5.7 | 3.6 | 1.0 |
Discontinuous medium-density urban fabric | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.5 | |
Industrial and commercial units | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 4.4 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
Roads | 0.3 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
Railways | 0.3 | 0.0 | |||||
Construction sites | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.1 | |||
Green urban areas | 0.8 | 0.0 | 3.9 | ||||
Agricultural and semi-natural areas | 2.2 | 13.6 | 42.1 | 78.8 | 70.5 | ||
Forests | 97.8 | 83.9 | 79.1 | 69.5 | 18.6 | 15.3 | 27.4 |
Water | 0.4 | 0.0 | |||||
Cemetery | 1.6 | 0.2 | |||||
Total area (ha) | 527.0 | 388.2 | 830.0 | 1113.3 | 1321.7 | 340.6 | 540.4 |
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Sector No. | City District | Area (ha) | Habitat | Transect Length (m) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020–2022 | 2023–2024 | ||||
1 | Wawer | 527.1 | forest | 34,330 | 12,480 |
2 | 388.2 | forest | 9820 | 10,400 | |
3 | 830 | forest | 4240 | 15,040 | |
4 | 1113 | forest | nd | 13,600 | |
5 | 1322 | other | nd | 11,200 | |
6 | 340.6 | other | 12,960 | 7040 | |
7 | 540.4 | forest | 5600 | 13,760 | |
8 | Rembertów | 155.5 | forest | 14,720 | 4320 |
9 | Praga Południe | 184.9 | other | nd | 10,000 |
10 | Ursynów | 1108.5 | other | 12,560 | 12,310 |
11 | 89.4 | other | 5770 | 2320 | |
12 | Mokotów | 96.4 | other | 1400 | 3360 |
13 | Śródmieście | 456.6 | other | 10,650 | 10,000 |
14 | Ochota | 86.9 | other | 7600 | 1000 |
15 | Bielany | 291.8 | forest | 2310 | 4760 |
16 | 129.5 | forest | 1820 | 5320 | |
17 | 56.7 | forest | 2240 | 2240 | |
18 | 233.5 | forest | 4270 | 3600 | |
19 | 57.0 | other | 1400 | 900 | |
Total | 5404.0 | 131,690 | 143,650 |
Sector No. | Area (ha) | Density Index (±SE) (n Tracks/100 m/24 h) | Density (n ind./100 ha) | Abundance (n ind.) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 527.1 | 2.01 (0.32) | 2.3 | 12 |
2 | 388.2 | 1.47 (0.31) | 1.6 | 6 |
3 | 830.0 | 3.44 (0.56) | 3.9 | 32 |
4 | 1113.3 | 0.98 (1.03) | 1.1 | 12 |
5 | 1321.7 | 0.9 (0.25) | 1.0 | 13 |
6 | 340.6 | 0.79 (0.22) | 0.9 | 3 |
7 | 540.4 | 1.87 (0.39) | 2.1 | 11 |
remaining area | 2909.7 | 1.60 | 1.8 | 13 |
Total | 7971.0 | 103 |
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Gryz, J.; Jasińska, K.D.; Brach, M.; Jackowiak, M.; Krauze-Gryz, D. How to Count the Uncountable? An Attempt at Wild Boar Sus scrofa, Linnaeus, 1758 Monitoring in an Urbanized Area. Forests 2024, 15, 1497. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091497
Gryz J, Jasińska KD, Brach M, Jackowiak M, Krauze-Gryz D. How to Count the Uncountable? An Attempt at Wild Boar Sus scrofa, Linnaeus, 1758 Monitoring in an Urbanized Area. Forests. 2024; 15(9):1497. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091497
Chicago/Turabian StyleGryz, Jakub, Karolina D. Jasińska, Michał Brach, Mateusz Jackowiak, and Dagny Krauze-Gryz. 2024. "How to Count the Uncountable? An Attempt at Wild Boar Sus scrofa, Linnaeus, 1758 Monitoring in an Urbanized Area" Forests 15, no. 9: 1497. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091497