Optimizing Wood Composite Drilling with Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Part
2.2. Data Modeling
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Designed Neural Networks
3.2. Response Surface Methodology
3.2.1. Delamination Factor at Inlet
3.2.2. Delamination Factor at Outlet
3.2.3. Thrust Force
3.2.4. Drilling Torque
4. Conclusions
- Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and response surface methodology (RSM) were successfully applied to predict drilling parameters to optimize the delamination factor, thrust force, and drilling torque in a particleboard, MDF, and plywood. Compared to experimental data, both the ANN and RSM models demonstrated reasonable accuracy, as evidenced by their high coefficient of determination (R2), which indicates their effectiveness in revealing the individual influence of factors on the drilling process.
- The material type was found to significantly impact the delamination factor.
- The drill type (twist vs. spade) primarily influenced the thrust force.
- The chipload (feed rate) was identified as the most critical factor affecting drilling torque.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Numeric Factor | Level | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
−α * | −1 | 0 | +1 | +α * | ||
Drill tip angle (X1), ° | 30 | 30 | 75 | 120 | 120 | |
Chipload (X2), mm | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.7 | |
Categoric Factor | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | |||
Drill type (X3) | Spade (−1) | Twist (+1) | - | |||
Material type (X4) | Particleboard | MDF | Plywood |
Run # | Independent Variables (Factors) | Dependent Variables (Responses) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drill Tip Angle (X1), ° | Chipload (X2), mm | Drill Type (X3) | Material Type (X4) | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | Y4 | |
1. | 30 | 0.1 | Spade | Plywood | 1.08 | 1.40 | 177.80 | 1.09 |
2. | 30 | 0.1 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.10 | 1.00 | 23.67 | 0.32 |
3. | 120 | 0.1 | Twist | Plywood | 1.01 | 1.11 | 72.72 | 0.32 |
4. | 30 | 0.1 | Spade | MDF | 1.07 | 1.06 | 125.88 | 0.53 |
5. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Plywood | 1.20 | 1.80 | 318.25 | 1.54 |
6. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.23 | 1.06 | 61.58 | 0.53 |
7. | 120 | 0.7 | Twist | Plywood | 1.25 | 1.42 | 117.43 | 1.08 |
8. | 75 | 0.7 | Twist | Plywood | 1.18 | 1.24 | 93.59 | 1.52 |
9. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Plywood | 1.17 | 1.13 | 72.70 | 0.95 |
10. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | MDF | 1.11 | 1.28 | 272.07 | 0.85 |
11. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Plywood | 1.17 | 1.13 | 72.70 | 0.95 |
12. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.23 | 1.06 | 61.58 | 0.53 |
13. | 120 | 0.1 | Twist | MDF | 1.00 | 1.02 | 65.24 | 0.19 |
14. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.25 | 1.32 | 153.37 | 0.85 |
15. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Plywood | 1.20 | 1.80 | 318.25 | 1.54 |
16. | 75 | 0.1 | Spade | MDF | 1.06 | 1.21 | 143.74 | 0.37 |
17. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.23 | 1.06 | 61.58 | 0.53 |
18. | 120 | 0.4 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.24 | 1.06 | 69.43 | 0.36 |
19. | 120 | 0.4 | Spade | MDF | 1.13 | 1.47 | 276.23 | 0.60 |
20. | 120 | 0.1 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.14 | 1.05 | 45.24 | 0.19 |
21. | 75 | 0.7 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.29 | 1.40 | 228.28 | 1.24 |
22. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Plywood | 1.20 | 1.80 | 318.25 | 1.54 |
23. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.23 | 1.06 | 61.58 | 0.53 |
24. | 75 | 0.7 | Spade | MDF | 1.09 | 1.28 | 343.49 | 1.24 |
25. | 30 | 0.4 | Spade | MDF | 1.07 | 1.15 | 286.01 | 1.17 |
26. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.25 | 1.32 | 153.37 | 0.85 |
27. | 75 | 0.1 | Spade | Plywood | 1.14 | 1.57 | 183.66 | 0.78 |
28. | 120 | 0.4 | Twist | MDF | 1.00 | 1.02 | 78.50 | 0.36 |
29. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.23 | 1.06 | 61.58 | 0.53 |
30. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.25 | 1.32 | 153.37 | 0.85 |
31. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.23 | 1.06 | 61.58 | 0.53 |
32. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.23 | 1.06 | 61.58 | 0.53 |
33. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | MDF | 1.11 | 1.28 | 272.07 | 0.85 |
34. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | MDF | 1.00 | 1.01 | 69.33 | 0.53 |
35. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.23 | 1.06 | 61.58 | 0.53 |
36. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Plywood | 1.20 | 1.80 | 318.25 | 1.54 |
37. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Plywood | 1.17 | 1.13 | 72.70 | 0.95 |
38. | 120 | 0.7 | Spade | Plywood | 1.35 | 2.46 | 393.07 | 1.76 |
39. | 30 | 0.7 | Spade | Plywood | 1.10 | 1.86 | 433.92 | 2.38 |
40. | 30 | 0.4 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.21 | 1.21 | 186.72 | 1.17 |
41. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | MDF | 1.00 | 1.01 | 69.33 | 0.53 |
42. | 120 | 0.7 | Spade | MDF | 1.12 | 1.48 | 356.70 | 0.86 |
43. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | MDF | 1.11 | 1.28 | 272.07 | 0.85 |
44. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Plywood | 1.17 | 1.13 | 72.70 | 0.95 |
45. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Plywood | 1.17 | 1.13 | 72.70 | 0.95 |
46. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Plywood | 1.20 | 1.80 | 318.25 | 1.54 |
47. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Plywood | 1.20 | 1.80 | 318.25 | 1.54 |
48. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | MDF | 1.00 | 1.01 | 69.33 | 0.53 |
49. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Plywood | 1.17 | 1.13 | 72.70 | 0.95 |
50. | 30 | 0.7 | Spade | MDF | 1.07 | 1.15 | 390.75 | 1.69 |
51. | 120 | 0.1 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.20 | 1.29 | 123.15 | 0.28 |
52. | 30 | 0.7 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.19 | 1.06 | 36.44 | 1.03 |
53. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Plywood | 1.20 | 1.80 | 318.25 | 1.54 |
54. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | MDF | 1.00 | 1.01 | 69.33 | 0.53 |
55. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | MDF | 1.11 | 1.28 | 272.07 | 0.85 |
56. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | MDF | 1.11 | 1.28 | 272.07 | 0.85 |
57. | 30 | 0.4 | Twist | Plywood | 1.07 | 1.06 | 36.06 | 1.25 |
58. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | MDF | 1.11 | 1.28 | 272.07 | 0.85 |
59. | 120 | 0.7 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.47 | 1.06 | 86.94 | 0.49 |
60. | 30 | 0.7 | Twist | MDF | 1.08 | 1.00 | 41.66 | 1.03 |
61. | 75 | 0.7 | Spade | Plywood | 1.25 | 2.24 | 376.07 | 2.14 |
62. | 120 | 0.4 | Twist | Plywood | 1.40 | 1.39 | 94.84 | 0.72 |
63. | 30 | 0.4 | Twist | MDF | 1.00 | 1.00 | 28.62 | 0.73 |
64. | 75 | 0.1 | Twist | MDF | 1.00 | 1.01 | 66.47 | 0.24 |
65. | 120 | 0.7 | Twist | MDF | 1.20 | 1.02 | 97.14 | 0.49 |
66. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | MDF | 1.11 | 1.28 | 272.07 | 0.85 |
67. | 30 | 0.1 | Twist | MDF | 1.00 | 1.00 | 30.49 | 0.32 |
68. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | MDF | 1.00 | 1.01 | 69.33 | 0.53 |
69. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.25 | 1.32 | 153.37 | 0.85 |
70. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.25 | 1.32 | 153.37 | 0.85 |
71. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | MDF | 1.11 | 1.28 | 272.07 | 0.85 |
72. | 75 | 0.1 | Twist | Plywood | 1.10 | 1.06 | 72.53 | 0.42 |
73. | 75 | 0.7 | Twist | MDF | 1.01 | 1.01 | 74.31 | 0.71 |
74. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Plywood | 1.17 | 1.13 | 72.70 | 0.95 |
75. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | MDF | 1.00 | 1.01 | 69.33 | 0.53 |
76. | 30 | 0.4 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.23 | 1.00 | 26.19 | 0.73 |
77. | 30 | 0.1 | Twist | Plywood | 1.07 | 1.07 | 37.63 | 0.58 |
78. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Plywood | 1.17 | 1.13 | 72.70 | 0.95 |
79. | 30 | 0.7 | Twist | Plywood | 1.02 | 1.12 | 46.96 | 1.93 |
80. | 75 | 0.1 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.14 | 1.29 | 98.23 | 0.37 |
81. | 120 | 0.1 | Spade | MDF | 1.08 | 1.44 | 141.47 | 0.28 |
82. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Plywood | 1.17 | 1.13 | 72.70 | 0.95 |
83. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.25 | 1.32 | 153.37 | 0.85 |
84. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | MDF | 1.00 | 1.01 | 69.33 | 0.53 |
85. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | MDF | 1.11 | 1.28 | 272.07 | 0.85 |
86. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Plywood | 1.20 | 1.80 | 318.25 | 1.54 |
87. | 75 | 0.1 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.11 | 1.01 | 46.42 | 0.24 |
88. | 75 | 0.7 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.24 | 1.06 | 68.61 | 0.71 |
89. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.25 | 1.32 | 153.37 | 0.85 |
90. | 30 | 0.7 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.25 | 1.36 | 238.52 | 1.69 |
91. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Plywood | 1.20 | 1.80 | 318.25 | 1.54 |
92. | 120 | 0.4 | Spade | Plywood | 1.25 | 2.40 | 325.32 | 1.19 |
93. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Plywood | 1.20 | 1.80 | 318.25 | 1.54 |
94. | 120 | 0.4 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.25 | 1.55 | 170.50 | 0.60 |
95. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Plywood | 1.17 | 1.13 | 72.70 | 0.95 |
96. | 120 | 0.1 | Spade | Plywood | 1.20 | 1.87 | 178.39 | 0.54 |
97. | 30 | 0.1 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.13 | 1.20 | 121.92 | 0.53 |
98. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | MDF | 1.11 | 1.28 | 272.07 | 0.85 |
99. | 30 | 0.4 | Spade | Plywood | 1.12 | 1.40 | 339.87 | 1.87 |
100. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | MDF | 1.00 | 1.01 | 69.33 | 0.53 |
101. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | MDF | 1.00 | 1.01 | 69.33 | 0.53 |
102. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.23 | 1.06 | 61.58 | 0.53 |
103. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.25 | 1.32 | 153.37 | 0.85 |
104. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.25 | 1.32 | 153.37 | 0.85 |
105. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | MDF | 1.00 | 1.01 | 69.33 | 0.53 |
106. | 120 | 0.7 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.32 | 1.57 | 252.92 | 0.86 |
107. | 75 | 0.4 | Spade | Particleboard | 1.25 | 1.32 | 153.37 | 0.85 |
108. | 75 | 0.4 | Twist | Particleboard | 1.23 | 1.06 | 61.58 | 0.53 |
Model Output | Number of Neurons in the Layers of ANN Models | R | R2 | RMSE | MAPE | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Input | Hidden | Outlet | |||||
Delamination factor at the inlet | 4 | 23 | 1 | 0.62 | 0.39 | 0.131 | 6.88 |
Delamination factor at the outlet | 4 | 6 | 1 | 0.91 | 0.83 | 0.265 | 9.65 |
Thrust force | 4 | 8 | 1 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 20.57 | 10.4 |
Drilling torque | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.129 | 11.25 |
Source | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F-Value | p-Value Prob > F | Observation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 0.91 | 14 | 0.065 | 49.58 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Drill tip angle (X1) | 0.084 | 1 | 0.084 | 64.41 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Chipload (X2) | 0.097 | 1 | 0.097 | 73.75 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Drill type (X3) | 0.06 | 1 | 0.06 | 45.85 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Material type (X4) | 0.57 | 2 | 0.29 | 218.07 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X1X2 | 0.028 | 1 | 0.028 | 21.13 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X1X3 | 5.96 × 10−4 | 1 | 5.96 × 10−4 | 0.46 | 0.5016 | Not significant |
X1X4 | 0.026 | 2 | 0.013 | 10.1 | 0.0001 | Significant |
X2X3 | 4.35 × 10−3 | 1 | 4.35 × 10−3 | 3.32 | 0.0716 | Not significant |
X2X4 | 0.014 | 2 | 7.06 × 10−3 | 5.39 | 0.0061 | Significant |
X3X4 | 0.024 | 2 | 0.012 | 9.06 | 0.0003 | Significant |
R2 | 0.88 |
Source | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F-Value | p-Value Prob > F | Observation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 9.92 | 14 | 0.71 | 237.24 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Drill tip angle (X1) | 0.58 | 1 | 0.58 | 193.82 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Chipload (X2) | 0.27 | 1 | 0.27 | 91.35 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Drill type (X3) | 4.68 | 1 | 4.68 | 1565.29 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Material type (X4) | 2.66 | 2 | 1.33 | 444.89 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X1X2 | 7.16 × 10−3 | 1 | 7.16 × 10−3 | 2.4 | 0.1249 | Not significant |
X1X3 | 0.23 | 1 | 0.23 | 76.69 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X1X4 | 0.19 | 2 | 0.093 | 31.19 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X2X3 | 0.092 | 1 | 0.092 | 30.7 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X2X4 | 0.2 | 2 | 0.099 | 32.99 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X3X4 | 1.02 | 2 | 0.51 | 171.49 | <0.0001 | Significant |
R2 | 0.97 |
Source | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F-Value | p-Value Prob > F | Observation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 1.30 × 106 | 35 | 37,174.59 | 1698.76 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Drill tip angle (X1) | 3138.56 | 1 | 3138.56 | 143.42 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Chipload (X2) | 1.03 × 105 | 1 | 1.03 × 105 | 4689.81 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Drill type (X3) | 8.96 × 105 | 1 | 8.96 × 105 | 40,937.1 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Material type (X4) | 1.23 × 105 | 2 | 61,670.7 | 2818.15 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X1X2 | 2.11 | 1 | 2.11 | 0.096 | 0.7573 | Not Significant |
X1X3 | 7039.54 | 1 | 7039.54 | 321.68 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X1X4 | 1.12 | 2 | 0.56 | 0.025 | 0.9748 | Not Significant |
X2X3 | 63,908.62 | 1 | 63,908.6 | 2920.41 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X2X4 | 4403.39 | 2 | 2201.7 | 100.61 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X3X4 | 81,685.81 | 2 | 40,842.9 | 1866.39 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X12 | 67.29 | 1 | 67.29 | 3.07 | 0.0838 | Not Significant |
X22 | 1241.97 | 1 | 1241.97 | 56.75 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X1X2X3 | 1106.41 | 1 | 1106.41 | 50.56 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X1X2X4 | 328.27 | 2 | 164.14 | 7.5 | 0.0011 | Significant |
X1X3X4 | 444.17 | 2 | 222.08 | 10.15 | 0.0001 | Significant |
X2X3X4 | 5366.35 | 2 | 2683.17 | 122.61 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X12X3 | 3537.74 | 1 | 3537.74 | 161.66 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X12X4 | 191.55 | 2 | 95.78 | 4.38 | 0.0161 | Significant |
X22X3 | 2153.66 | 1 | 2153.66 | 98.42 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X22X4 | 1151.5 | 2 | 575.75 | 26.31 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X1X2X3X4 | 281.3 | 2 | 140.65 | 6.43 | 0.0027 | Significant |
X12X3X4 | 116.54 | 2 | 58.27 | 2.66 | 0.0766 | Not Significant |
X22X3X4 | 2446 | 2 | 1223 | 55.89 | <0.0001 | Significant |
R2 | 0.99 |
Source | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F-Value | p-Value Prob > F | Observation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 21.85 | 35 | 0.62 | 4044.71 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Drill tip angle (X1) | 2.22 | 1 | 2.22 | 14,369.9 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Chipload (X2) | 6.47 | 1 | 6.47 | 41,930.8 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Drill type (X3) | 4.34 | 1 | 4.34 | 28,086.3 | <0.0001 | Significant |
Material type (X4) | 7.3 | 2 | 3.65 | 23,650.4 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X1X2 | 0.29 | 1 | 0.29 | 1869.47 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X1X3 | 0.057 | 1 | 0.057 | 370.51 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X1X4 | 0.036 | 2 | 0.018 | 115.06 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X2X3 | 0.23 | 1 | 0.23 | 1504.98 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X2X4 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.25 | 1628.48 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X3X4 | 0.28 | 2 | 0.14 | 900.26 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X12 | 8.54 × 10−3 | 1 | 8.54 × 10−3 | 55.31 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X22 | 0.034 | 1 | 0.034 | 219.16 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X1X2X3 | 9.61 × 10−4 | 1 | 9.61 × 10−4 | 6.22 | 0.0149 | Significant |
X1X2X4 | 8.84 × 10−3 | 2 | 4.42 × 10−3 | 28.64 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X1X3X4 | 8.49 × 10−3 | 2 | 4.24 × 10−3 | 27.49 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X2X3X4 | 0.011 | 2 | 5.70 × 10−3 | 36.9 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X12X3 | 1.58 × 10−4 | 1 | 1.58 × 10−4 | 1.02 | 0.3156 | Not Significant |
X12X4 | 2.45 × 10−3 | 2 | 1.23 × 10−3 | 7.93 | 0.0008 | Significant |
X22 X3 | 4.36 × 10−3 | 1 | 4.36 × 10−3 | 28.26 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X22 X4 | 1.48 × 10−4 | 2 | 7.40 × 10−5 | 0.48 | 0.621 | Not Significant |
X1X2X3X4 | 0.04 | 2 | 0.02 | 130.07 | <0.0001 | Significant |
X12X3X4 | 1.52 × 10−3 | 2 | 7.61 × 10−4 | 4.93 | 0.0099 | Significant |
X22X3X4 | 7.73 × 10−3 | 2 | 3.86 × 10−3 | 25.03 | <0.0001 | Significant |
R2 | 0.99 |
Independent Variables | Goal Settings | Minimum Value | Maximum Value | Level of Factor Importance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Drill tip angle (X1) | In range | 30 | 120 | 3 |
Chipload (X2) | 0.1 | 0.7 | 3 | |
Drill type (X3) | Spade | Twist | 3 | |
Material type (X4) | Equal to | PB | MDF | Plywood |
Dependent Variables | ||||
Delamination factor at the inlet (Y1) | Minimize | 1 | 1.46 | 3 |
Delamination factor at the outlet (Y2) | 1 | 2.45 | 3 | |
Thrust force (Y3) | 23.66 | 433.91 | 3 | |
Drilling torque (Y4) | 0.18 | 2.38 | 3 |
Solution No. | X1 | X2 | X3 | Delamination Factor at the Outlet | Delamination Factor at the Inlet | Thrust Force (N) | Drilling Torque (Nm) | D | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Y1 | ER1 | Y2 | ER2 | Y3 | ER3 | Y4 | ER4 | |||||||||
Prelaminated particleboard (PB) | ||||||||||||||||
1 | 31.47 * | 0.1 | Twist | 1.12 | 1.00 | 12.0 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 0.00 | 23.66 | 21.48 | 10.15 | 0.329 | 0.37 | 11.08 | 0.896 |
2 | 120 | 0.1 | Twist | 1.14 | 1.09 | 4.59 | 1.01 | 1.10 | 8.18 | 46.48 | 38.67 | 20.20 | 0.184 | 0.192 | 4.17 | 0.894 |
3 | 60 | 0.1 | Twist | 1.13 | 1.01 | 11.8 | 1.05 | 1.16 | 9.48 | 41.09 | 42.41 | 3.11 | 0.260 | 0.248 | 4.84 | 0.892 |
4 | 90 | 0.1 | Twist | 1.14 | 1.01 | 12.87 | 1.03 | 1.13 | 8.85 | 49.08 | 50.89 | 3.56 | 0.209 | 0.194 | 7.73 | 0.892 |
5 | 63.18 ** | 0.1 | Spade | 1.17 | 1.28 | 8.59 | 1.20 | 1.05 | 14.29 | 101.39 | 64.92 | 56.18 | 0.409 | 0.35 | 16.86 | 0.793 |
6 | 90 | 0.1 | Spade | 1.17 | 1.28 | 8.59 | 1.27 | 1.21 | 4.96 | 100.36 | 93.49 | 7.35 | 0.332 | 0.317 | 4.73 | 0.788 |
7 | 30 | 0.1 | Spade | 1.17 | 1.27 | 7.87 | 1.11 | 1.20 | 7.50 | 125.34 | 126.64 | 1.03 | 0.535 | 0.611 | 12.44 | 0.781 |
MDF | ||||||||||||||||
8 | 30 | 0.1 | Twist | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 31.23 | 24.66 | 26.64 | 0.33 | 0.373 | 11.53 | 0.97 |
9 | 120 | 0.1 | Twist | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.03 | 1.15 | 10.43 | 67.57 | 59.03 | 14.47 | 0.184 | 0.154 | 19.48 | 0.96 |
10 | 56 ** | 0.1 | Twist | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 53.50 | 59.93 | 10.73 | 0.268 | 0.322 | 16.77 | 0.96 |
11 | 89.91 *** | 0.1 | Twist | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 67.88 | 75.10 | 9.61 | 0.211 | 0.147 | 43.54 | 0.96 |
12 | 61.18 ** | 0.1 | Spade | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.89 | 1.16 | 1.16 | 0.00 | 129.22 | 130.05 | 0.64 | 0.415 | 0.453 * | 8.39 | 0.832 |
13 | 37.07 * | 0.1 | Spade | 1.09 | 1.03 | 5.83 | 1.08 | 1.13 | 4.42 | 130.95 | 121.00 | 8.22 | 0.506 | 0.450 * | 12.44 | 0.828 |
14 | 119.71 **** | 0.1 | Spade | 1.06 | 1.08 | 1.85 | 1.36 | 1.32 | 3.03 | 147.73 | 135.24 | 9.24 | 0.275 | 0.212 | 29.72 | 0.812 |
Plywood | ||||||||||||||||
15 | 30.00 | 0.1 | Twist | 1.03 | 1.05 | 1.90 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 38.93 | 28.00 | 39.04 | 0.572 | 0.539 | 6.12 | 0.923 |
16 | 90.75 | 0.1 | Twist | 1.04 | 1.05 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 1.07 | 6.54 | 73.11 | 80.65 | 9.35 | 0.381 | 0.352 | 8.24 | 0.873 |
17 | 30.00 | 0.1 | Spade | 1.11 | 1.11 | 0.00 | 1.31 | 1.17 | 11.97 | 183.73 | 175.11 | 4.92 | 1.08 | 1.02 | 5.88 | 0.681 |
18 | 90.00 | 0.1 | Spade | 1.17 | 1.11 | 5.41 | 1.70 | 2.10 | 19.05 | 172.18 | 181.92 | 5.35 | 0.70 | 0.617 | 13.45 | 0.630 |
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Bedelean, B.; Ispas, M.; Răcășan, S. Optimizing Wood Composite Drilling with Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology. Forests 2024, 15, 1600. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091600
Bedelean B, Ispas M, Răcășan S. Optimizing Wood Composite Drilling with Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology. Forests. 2024; 15(9):1600. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091600
Chicago/Turabian StyleBedelean, Bogdan, Mihai Ispas, and Sergiu Răcășan. 2024. "Optimizing Wood Composite Drilling with Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology" Forests 15, no. 9: 1600. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091600