Heavy Metal Content in Medicinal Plants Grown in Hydroponics and Forest Soil in the Central Part of Western Siberia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Area
2.2. Plant Samples
2.3. Hydroponics
2.4. Sampling and Soil Analysis
2.5. Analysis of the Mineral Wool Substrate and Fertilizers
2.6. Collection of Plant Samples and Laboratory Analyses
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Chemical Composition of the Soil Sample and Hydroponic Material
3.2. Chemical Composition of the Plants Grown in the Soil and Hydroponic System
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Content, mg/g | Element | Content, mg/g | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soil | Substrate | Fertilizers | Soil | Substrate | Fertilizers | ||||
Yara Ferticare Hydro | Yara Liva Calcinit | Yara Ferticare Hydro | Yara Liva Calcinit | ||||||
Ca | 15.6 | 234.2 | – | 351.1 | Cr | 0.2 | 1.8 | <2.0 × 10−3 | |
Si | 504.2 | 175.5 | – | 1.6 | Mn | 0.5 | 2.0 | 3.4 | <1.0 × 10−2 |
Al | 97.4 | 59.7 | – | – | Cu | <1.0 × 10−2 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Fe | 28.6 | 48.3 | 2.0 | – | V | <1.0 × 10−2 | 0.4 | <1.0 × 10−2 | |
P | 2.5 | – | 40.5 | – | Sr | <5.0 × 10−3 | 0.4 | <5.0 × 10−3 | 10.1 |
Mg | 6.4 | 39.1 | 12.7 | 1.9 | Zn | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | <5.0 × 10−3 |
K | 30.7 | 2.1 | 329.1 | 1.6 | Ni | <4.0 × 10−2 | 0.1 | <1.0 × 10−3 | |
S | 1.7 | 1.6 | 42.5 | 2.0 | Rb | <5.0 × 10−3 | 0.1 | <5.0 × 10−3 | |
Na | 6.9 | – | – | – | Pb | <1.5 × 10−2 | |||
Ti | 9.0 | 2.8 | – | – | Cd | <8.0 × 10−3 |
Reference | Pb (mg/kg) | Cd (mg/kg) | Zn (mg/kg) | Cu (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|
FAO/WHO 2016 [28] | 0.05–1.5 | 0.05–4.0 | - | - |
GB 2762-2022. China [29] | 5 | 0.2 | - | - |
Khan C.S., 2008 [30] | 9 | 0.2 | 100 | 20 |
Regulation (EC) 396/2005 [31] | 3.0 | 1.0 | - | |
Commission Regulation (EU) 915/2023 (for dried spices and cereals) [32] | 0.9–2.0 | 0.05–0.2 | - | - |
MPC SanHS 2.3.2.1078-01 (1.10.7) [33] | 6 | 1 | - | - |
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Mulyukin, M.A.; Sutormin, O.S.; Samoylenko, Z.A.; Kravchenko, I.V.; Bulatova, E.V.; Gulakova, N.M.; Baranenko, D.A.; Petrova, Y.Y. Heavy Metal Content in Medicinal Plants Grown in Hydroponics and Forest Soil in the Central Part of Western Siberia. Forests 2024, 15, 1606. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091606
Mulyukin MA, Sutormin OS, Samoylenko ZA, Kravchenko IV, Bulatova EV, Gulakova NM, Baranenko DA, Petrova YY. Heavy Metal Content in Medicinal Plants Grown in Hydroponics and Forest Soil in the Central Part of Western Siberia. Forests. 2024; 15(9):1606. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091606
Chicago/Turabian StyleMulyukin, Maksim A., Oleg S. Sutormin, Zoya A. Samoylenko, Inessa V. Kravchenko, Elena V. Bulatova, Natalia M. Gulakova, Denis A. Baranenko, and Yuliya Yu. Petrova. 2024. "Heavy Metal Content in Medicinal Plants Grown in Hydroponics and Forest Soil in the Central Part of Western Siberia" Forests 15, no. 9: 1606. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15091606