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Forests
Volume 16
Issue 2
10.3390/f16020231
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Review

30 Years of Forest Soil Monitoring: Results from the Italian ICP-Forests Network

by
Stefano Carnicelli
1,
Stefano Chelli
2,
Guia Cecchini
1,
Rossano Ciampalini
1,
Giandiego Campetella
2 and
Anna Andreetta
3,*
1
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
2
Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
3
Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Forests 2025, 16(2), 231; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16020231
Submission received: 20 November 2024 / Revised: 23 January 2025 / Accepted: 23 January 2025 / Published: 25 January 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Environmental Changes on Forest Soil Quality and Health)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Forests support a broad range of ecosystem services. These services cannot simply be traced back to the individual biotic and abiotic components of the forest ecosystems. Rather, they stem from complex interactions between these components. CON.ECO.FOR, the Italian branch of the ICP-Forests (International Co-operative Program on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests) network, established in 1994, has shown to be a unique data source for understanding forest interactions and processes. This contribution aims to draw a comprehensive picture of the Italian forest soil conditions by reviewing the main issues that have arisen and the results obtained over the last 30 years of forest soil monitoring. Forest health is often controlled by soil-mediated processes. Thus, we have evidenced how including soil parameters in environmental studies has proven to be of high value for a better understanding of forest ecosystem conditions and trends. Here, we are reviewing all of the results obtained concerning soils from the analyses of the impacts of atmospheric deposition on forest soils to the study of the relationships between organism diversity and the soil.
Keywords: soil acidification; nitrate; soil organic carbon storage; humus forms; plant traits soil acidification; nitrate; soil organic carbon storage; humus forms; plant traits

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MDPI and ACS Style

Carnicelli, S.; Chelli, S.; Cecchini, G.; Ciampalini, R.; Campetella, G.; Andreetta, A. 30 Years of Forest Soil Monitoring: Results from the Italian ICP-Forests Network. Forests 2025, 16, 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16020231

AMA Style

Carnicelli S, Chelli S, Cecchini G, Ciampalini R, Campetella G, Andreetta A. 30 Years of Forest Soil Monitoring: Results from the Italian ICP-Forests Network. Forests. 2025; 16(2):231. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16020231

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carnicelli, Stefano, Stefano Chelli, Guia Cecchini, Rossano Ciampalini, Giandiego Campetella, and Anna Andreetta. 2025. "30 Years of Forest Soil Monitoring: Results from the Italian ICP-Forests Network" Forests 16, no. 2: 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16020231

APA Style

Carnicelli, S., Chelli, S., Cecchini, G., Ciampalini, R., Campetella, G., & Andreetta, A. (2025). 30 Years of Forest Soil Monitoring: Results from the Italian ICP-Forests Network. Forests, 16(2), 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16020231

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