Next Article in Journal
Global Trajectories of Forest Soil Acidification: A Scientometric Synthesis of Drivers, Impacts and Sustainable Solutions
Previous Article in Journal
Does Foreign Direct Investment Enhance Exports of China’s Wood Products? The Role of Wood Resource Efficiency
Previous Article in Special Issue
Effects of a New Plant Growth Regulator on Callus Induction from Immature Embryo Explants of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis)
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Forests
Volume 16
Issue 5
10.3390/f16050732
forests-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch: Considerations for Ex Situ Conservation of Ancient Tree in Chile

by
Daniela Riffo-Agurto
1,*,
Neusa Steiner
2,
Priscila Cartes
3,
Pamela Quiroga
3,
Jaime Espejo
4,
Ester San Martin
5,
Jean-Pierre Lasserre
5,
Marcos Edel Martínez-Montero
6,*,
Martha Hernández de la Torre
1,
Darcy Ríos-Leal
1,
Roberto Ipinza
7,
Simón Sandoval
8 and
Manuel Sánchez-Olate
1
1
Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 40730386, Chile
2
Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
3
Laboratorio Bio-Vitro SpA, Concepción 4600000, Chile
4
Laboratorio de Botánica y Productos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
5
Forestal Mininco SpA, Los Ángeles 4440000, Chile
6
Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad de Ciego de Ávila, Ciego de Ávila 65200, Cuba
7
Instituto Forestal, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
8
Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 40730386, Chile
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Forests 2025, 16(5), 732; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16050732
Submission received: 26 November 2024 / Revised: 7 April 2025 / Accepted: 14 April 2025 / Published: 25 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis on Tree Species: 2nd Edition)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Araucaria araucana is an emblematic native conifer from Chile and Argentina that has been classified as threatened due to anthropogenic activities. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a biotechnological tool used for both the preservation of genetic material and the propagation of valuable genotypes. The present study investigates the effects of explant source and culture medium on SE induction in A. araucana genotypes from three wild plant populations. Immature strobili were collected from different geographical provenances: a coastal area (Villa Araucarias, “VA”), Cordillera de Nahuelbuta (Trongol Alto, “TR”), and the Andes Mountains (Malalcahuello, “MA”). SE induction was observed after 45 days in a basal medium (BM) supplemented with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA—11 µM), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA—2.8 µM), and Kinetin (Kin—2.8 µM). The highest induction rate (75%) was achieved for seeds from VA. Embryogenic cell line (ECL) proliferation requires auxins but is genotype-dependent, as not all genotypes survive. Cytochemical analysis revealed the presence of pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs) in the ECLs, indicating an efficient SE induction protocol. The progression of PEMs to early embryos was observed in the presence of maltose (3% w/v), polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG—7% w/v), and abscisic acid (ABA—68 µM). Our results establish a baseline for the establishment of in vitro cultures for a diverse range of A. araucana genotypes, enabling the initiation of ex situ preservation programs and further investigation into embryo maturation.
Keywords: auxins; embryogenic cell; monkey puzzle tree; ontogenesis; recalcitrant; zygotic embryo auxins; embryogenic cell; monkey puzzle tree; ontogenesis; recalcitrant; zygotic embryo

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Riffo-Agurto, D.; Steiner, N.; Cartes, P.; Quiroga, P.; Espejo, J.; San Martin, E.; Lasserre, J.-P.; Martínez-Montero, M.E.; Hernández de la Torre, M.; Ríos-Leal, D.; et al. Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch: Considerations for Ex Situ Conservation of Ancient Tree in Chile. Forests 2025, 16, 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16050732

AMA Style

Riffo-Agurto D, Steiner N, Cartes P, Quiroga P, Espejo J, San Martin E, Lasserre J-P, Martínez-Montero ME, Hernández de la Torre M, Ríos-Leal D, et al. Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch: Considerations for Ex Situ Conservation of Ancient Tree in Chile. Forests. 2025; 16(5):732. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16050732

Chicago/Turabian Style

Riffo-Agurto, Daniela, Neusa Steiner, Priscila Cartes, Pamela Quiroga, Jaime Espejo, Ester San Martin, Jean-Pierre Lasserre, Marcos Edel Martínez-Montero, Martha Hernández de la Torre, Darcy Ríos-Leal, and et al. 2025. "Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch: Considerations for Ex Situ Conservation of Ancient Tree in Chile" Forests 16, no. 5: 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16050732

APA Style

Riffo-Agurto, D., Steiner, N., Cartes, P., Quiroga, P., Espejo, J., San Martin, E., Lasserre, J.-P., Martínez-Montero, M. E., Hernández de la Torre, M., Ríos-Leal, D., Ipinza, R., Sandoval, S., & Sánchez-Olate, M. (2025). Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch: Considerations for Ex Situ Conservation of Ancient Tree in Chile. Forests, 16(5), 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16050732

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop