The Effect of Restoration Treatments on the Spatial Variability of Soil Processes under Longleaf Pine Trees
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Study Sites
2.2. Sampling Design
2.3. Soil Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Soil Nutrients
Responses variables | Distance | Treatment | D × T | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F-value | p-value | F-value | p-value | F-value | p-value | |||
Soil characteristics | Bulk Density (g cm−3) | 5.7 | 0.019 | 2.7 | 0.034 | 1.2 | 0.285 | |
Moisture Content (%) | 0.8 | 0.387 | 1.1 | 0.379 | 0.1 | 0.988 | ||
C (%) | 22.8 | < 0.001 | 4.9 | 0.001 | 0.9 | 0.492 | ||
N (%) | 16.4 | < 0.001 | 9.2 | < 0.001 | 0.6 | 0.692 | ||
CN ratio | 5.2 | 0.0244 | 3.3 | 0.014 | 0.8 | 0.545 | ||
C pool (g m−2) | 12.4 | < 0.001 | 3.9 | 0.005 | 0.8 | 0.538 | ||
Soil characteristics | N pool (g m−2) | 5.9 | 0.017 | 6.4 | < 0.001 | 0.8 | 0.571 | |
NH4 (g N gdw−1) | 0.4 | 0.562 | 1.2 | 0.324 | 2.0 | 0.105 | ||
NO3 (g N gdw−1) | 0.5 | 0.463 | 3.0 | 0.022 | 0.7 | 0.571 | ||
NH4 (g m−2) | 0.1 | 0.906 | 1.0 | 0.425 | 2.4 | 0.059 | ||
NO3 (g m−2) | 1.9 | 0.172 | 2.4 | 0.054 | 0.7 | 0.572 | ||
Nitrification (g N gdw−1 d−1) | 0.1 | 0.719 | 2.6 | 0.041 | 4.3 | 0.003 | ||
Mineralization (g N gdw−1 d−1) | 0.1 | 0.858 | 2.1 | 0.087 | 1.1 | 0.356 | ||
Nitrification (g N m−2 d−1) | 0.1 | 0.834 | 2.6 | 0.038 | 4.1 | 0.004 | ||
Mineralization (g N m−2 d−1) | 0.0 | 0.959 | 2.1 | 0.098 | 1.1 | 0.356 | ||
Initial C flux rate (µg C gdw−1 h−1) | 0.8 | 0.361 | 0.6 | 0.641 | 0.3 | 0.897 | ||
6-week C flux rate (µg C gdw−1 h−1) | 0.9 | 0.352 | 1.1 | 0.353 | 1.3 | 0.268 | ||
Plant functional groups | Graminoids (%) | 3.5 | 0.062 | 1.0 | 0.417 | 0.7 | 0.561 | |
Forbs (%) | 4.5 | 0.035 | 5.5 | < 0.001 | 0.7 | 0.571 | ||
Woody species (%) | 3.7 | 0.057 | 8.0 | < 0.001 | 2.4 | 0.054 | ||
Saw palmetto (%) | 4.7 | 0.003 | 5.5 | < 0.001 | 0.9 | 0.468 |
3.2. Nitrogen and Carbon Mineralization Rates
3.3. Understory Vegetation
4. Discussion
4.1. Soil Gradient
4.2. Vegetation Gradients
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Lavoie, M.; Mack, M.C.; Hiers, J.K.; Pokswinski, S. The Effect of Restoration Treatments on the Spatial Variability of Soil Processes under Longleaf Pine Trees. Forests 2012, 3, 591-604. https://doi.org/10.3390/f3030591
Lavoie M, Mack MC, Hiers JK, Pokswinski S. The Effect of Restoration Treatments on the Spatial Variability of Soil Processes under Longleaf Pine Trees. Forests. 2012; 3(3):591-604. https://doi.org/10.3390/f3030591
Chicago/Turabian StyleLavoie, Martin, Michelle C. Mack, John K. Hiers, and Scott Pokswinski. 2012. "The Effect of Restoration Treatments on the Spatial Variability of Soil Processes under Longleaf Pine Trees" Forests 3, no. 3: 591-604. https://doi.org/10.3390/f3030591