Pinus albicaulis Engelm. (Whitebark Pine) in Mixed-Species Stands throughout Its US Range: Broad-Scale Indicators of Extent and Recent Decline
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Data Collection
2.2. Area Occupied by Whitebark Pine
2.3. Number of Trees by Size Class and Forest Type
2.4. Whitebark Pine Growth and Mortality
3. Results
3.1. Area Occupied by Whitebark Pine
3.2. Number of Trees by Size Class and Forest Type
3.3. Whitebark Pine Growth and Mortality
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Scale | Units | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Tree species | Tree | -- | SPCD in table TREE |
Tree diameter | Tree | cm | DIA in table TREE |
Tree live/dead status | Tree | -- | STATUS_CD in table TREE |
Forest type | Stand | -- | FORTYPCD in table COND |
Mean tree diameter | Stand | cm | Calc: f (tree diameter) |
Total basal area of all species | Stand | m2 ha−1 | Calc: f (tree diameter) |
Whitebark pine basal area/total basal area | Stand | % | Calc: f (tree species, tree diameter) |
Total stem density of all species | Stand | trees∙ha−1 | Calc: f (TPA_UNADJ in table TREE) |
Whitebark pine stem density/total stem density | Stand | % | Calc: f (tree species, TPA_UNADJ in table TREE) |
Mean annual mortality | Stand | m3 ha−1 year−1 | Calc: f (FMORTCFAL, TPAMORT_UNADJ in table TREE) |
Mean annual annual net growth | Stand | m3 ha−1 year−1 | Calc: f (FGROWCFAL, TPAGROW_UNADJ in table TREE) |
Mean annual gross growth | Stand | m3 ha−1 year−1 | Calc: f (mean annual net growth, mean annual mortality) |
Standardized mortality | Stand | % year−1 | Calc: f (mean annual mortality, VOLCFNET in table TREE) |
Standarized growth | Stand | % year−1 | Calc: f (mean annual gross growth, VOLCFNET in table TREE) |
Eco-province | Plot | -- | Calc: f (ECOSUBCD in table PLOT) |
Forest Type | Area (ha) | CA | ID | MT | NV | OR | WA | WY |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Douglas-fir | 323,790 | 0.00 | 0.52 | 0.31 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.09 |
Engelmann spruce | 140,083 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.62 |
Engelmann spruce/subalpine fir | 840,285 | 0.00 | 0.16 | 0.51 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.28 |
Lodgepole pine | 952,007 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.29 |
Nonstocked | 232,906 | 0.00 | 0.41 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.12 |
Subalpine fir | 804,461 | 0.00 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.15 |
Whitebark pine | 629,401 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.38 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.26 |
All types covering < 100,000 ha | 205,645 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.10 |
Total | 4,128,578 | 0.04 | 0.23 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.23 |
Forest Type 1 | Seedlings 2 | Saplings 3 | Live Trees 4 | Dead Trees 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
DF | 78,083,238 | 26,874,601 | 6,688,873 | 17,058,244 |
ES | 54,130,800 | 15,069,681 | 5,766,980 | 10,112,510 |
ES/SF | 537,944,279 | 153,556,743 | 51,739,482 | 74,710,866 |
LP | 1,111,981,547 | 162,479,371 | 28,096,009 | 23,707,011 |
NS | 9,489,166 | 2,188,641 | 2,188,642 | 26,884,162 |
SF | 411,773,363 | 113,610,271 | 29,361,035 | 66,516,853 |
WP | 870,792,088 | 483,766,807 | 162,446,784 | 83,322,974 |
All types | 3,134,662,520 | 975,173,510 | 291,634,115 | 307,623,262 |
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Goeking, S.A.; Izlar, D.K. Pinus albicaulis Engelm. (Whitebark Pine) in Mixed-Species Stands throughout Its US Range: Broad-Scale Indicators of Extent and Recent Decline. Forests 2018, 9, 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9030131
Goeking SA, Izlar DK. Pinus albicaulis Engelm. (Whitebark Pine) in Mixed-Species Stands throughout Its US Range: Broad-Scale Indicators of Extent and Recent Decline. Forests. 2018; 9(3):131. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9030131
Chicago/Turabian StyleGoeking, Sara A., and Deborah Kay Izlar. 2018. "Pinus albicaulis Engelm. (Whitebark Pine) in Mixed-Species Stands throughout Its US Range: Broad-Scale Indicators of Extent and Recent Decline" Forests 9, no. 3: 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9030131