Protein Disulfide Isomerase A4 Is Involved in Genome Uncoating during Human Astrovirus Cell Entry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Cells and Viruses
2.2. Virus Infectivity Assay
2.3. Expression and Purification of Recombinant HAstV Capsid Spike Proteins
2.4. Far-Western Blot Analysis
2.5. LC-MS
2.6. Western Blot
2.7. RNA Interference
2.8. Pharmacological Inhibitors
2.9. Virus Binding Assay
2.10. Viral RNA Transfection
2.11. Virus Internalization Assay
2.12. Viral Uncoating Assay
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The HAstV-1 and -8 Capsid Spikes Interact with Cellular Proteins of around 70–75 kDa
3.2. The HAstV- 1 and -8 Capsid Spikes Interact with PDIA4
3.3. PDI Activity is Important for HAstV-1 and HAstV-8 Infection
3.4. PDI Has a Role during HAstV-8 Cell Entry
3.5. PDI Is Required for Uncoating of HAstV-8 during Cell Entry
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Aguilar-Hernández, N.; Meyer, L.; López, S.; DuBois, R.M.; Arias, C.F. Protein Disulfide Isomerase A4 Is Involved in Genome Uncoating during Human Astrovirus Cell Entry. Viruses 2021, 13, 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13010053
Aguilar-Hernández N, Meyer L, López S, DuBois RM, Arias CF. Protein Disulfide Isomerase A4 Is Involved in Genome Uncoating during Human Astrovirus Cell Entry. Viruses. 2021; 13(1):53. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13010053
Chicago/Turabian StyleAguilar-Hernández, Nayeli, Lena Meyer, Susana López, Rebecca M. DuBois, and Carlos F. Arias. 2021. "Protein Disulfide Isomerase A4 Is Involved in Genome Uncoating during Human Astrovirus Cell Entry" Viruses 13, no. 1: 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13010053
APA StyleAguilar-Hernández, N., Meyer, L., López, S., DuBois, R. M., & Arias, C. F. (2021). Protein Disulfide Isomerase A4 Is Involved in Genome Uncoating during Human Astrovirus Cell Entry. Viruses, 13(1), 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13010053