SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid Antibody Response in Vaccinated Croatian Healthcare Workers and Infected Hospitalized Patients: A Single Center Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population and Serum Processing
2.1.1. Healthcare Workers (HCW)
2.1.2. Hospitalized Patients
2.2. Development of Spike and Nucleocapsid ELISA
2.3. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Development and Validation of ELISA Methods for Screening of Anti-Spike and Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibody Response
3.2. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the HCW Cohort
3.3. Longitudinal Assessment of Anti-Spike and Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibody Response in HCWs
3.4. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Hospitalized Patients’ Population
3.5. Anti-Spike and Anti-Nucleocapsid Antibody Response in Hospitalized Patients
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Time Point | Prior Vaccination | +3 Weeks (after 1st Dose) | +6 Months (after 2 Doses) | +14–16 Months |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total number of participants | 937 | 651 (601 *) | 380 (291 *) | 20 (19 *) |
Self-reported COVID-19 | 104 | nd | 53 | 7 |
Booster dose | / | / | / | 14 |
Gender | 77.2% F 22.8% M | 75.3% F 24.7% M | 78.4% F 21.6% M | 70.0% F 30.0% M |
Age (mean ± SD) | 46 ± 11 | 45 ± 11 | 46 ± 11 | 49 ± 13 |
Patient Characteristics | Oxygen Supplementation | Invasive Ventilation Support | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 102 | n = 28 | n = 74 | ||
Median age | 68 (40–89) | 71 | 67 | |
Gender | ||||
Female | 29 (28%) | 8 (28%) | 21 (28%) | |
Male | 73 (72%) | 20 (72%) | 53 (72%) |
Patients on Invasive Ventilation (IVS) | Survivors | Non-Survivors | |
---|---|---|---|
n = 74 | n = 22 (30%) | n = 52 (70%) | |
Vaccinated | 2/74 | ||
Average time on IVS (days) | 10 (±9) | 11 (±14) | 10 (±7) |
Average ICU stay (days) | 13 (±11) | 18 (±17) | 11 (±7) |
SOFA score at admission | 6 (±2) | 4 (±2) | 7 (±2) |
Gender | |||
Female | 21 (28%) | 6 | 15 |
Male | 53 (72%) | 16 | 37 |
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Brlić, P.K.; Pavletić, M.; Lerga, M.; Krstanović, F.; Matešić, M.P.; Miklić, K.; Malić, S.; Mikša, L.; Pajcur, M.; Peruč, D.; et al. SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid Antibody Response in Vaccinated Croatian Healthcare Workers and Infected Hospitalized Patients: A Single Center Cohort Study. Viruses 2022, 14, 1966. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091966
Brlić PK, Pavletić M, Lerga M, Krstanović F, Matešić MP, Miklić K, Malić S, Mikša L, Pajcur M, Peruč D, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid Antibody Response in Vaccinated Croatian Healthcare Workers and Infected Hospitalized Patients: A Single Center Cohort Study. Viruses. 2022; 14(9):1966. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091966
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrlić, Paola Kučan, Martina Pavletić, Mate Lerga, Fran Krstanović, Marina Pribanić Matešić, Karmela Miklić, Suzana Malić, Leonarda Mikša, Maja Pajcur, Dolores Peruč, and et al. 2022. "SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid Antibody Response in Vaccinated Croatian Healthcare Workers and Infected Hospitalized Patients: A Single Center Cohort Study" Viruses 14, no. 9: 1966. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091966
APA StyleBrlić, P. K., Pavletić, M., Lerga, M., Krstanović, F., Matešić, M. P., Miklić, K., Malić, S., Mikša, L., Pajcur, M., Peruč, D., Schubert, M., Bertoglio, F., Arapović, J., Protić, A., Šustić, A., Milošević, M., Šain, L. Č., Jonjić, S., Lisnić, V. J., & Brizić, I. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid Antibody Response in Vaccinated Croatian Healthcare Workers and Infected Hospitalized Patients: A Single Center Cohort Study. Viruses, 14(9), 1966. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14091966