Viruses Identified in Shrews (Soricidae) and Their Biomedical Significance
Abstract
:1. Introduction of Shrews
2. −ssRNA Viruses Detected in Shrews
2.1. Arenavirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
2.2. Bornavirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
2.3. Chuvirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
2.4. Filovirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
2.5. Hantavirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
2.6. Nairovirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
2.7. Othomyxovid Viruses Detected in Shrews
2.8. Paramyxovid Viruses Detected in Shrews
2.9. Phenuivirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
2.10. Rhabdovirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
3. +ssRNA Viruses Detected in Shrews
3.1. Arterivirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
3.2. Astrovirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
3.3. Calicivirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
3.4. Coronavirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
3.5. Flavivirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
3.6. Hepevirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
3.7. Nodavirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
3.8. Picornavirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
4. dsDNA Viruses Detected in Shrews
4.1. Adenovirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
4.2. Hepadnavirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
4.3. Orthoherpesvirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
4.4. Polyomavirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
4.5. Poxvirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
5. ssDNA Viruses Detected in Shrews
5.1. Anellovirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
5.2. Parvovirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
6. dsRNA Viruses Detected in Shrews
6.1. Picobirnavirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
6.2. Sedoreovirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
6.3. Spinareovirid Viruses Detected in Shrews
7. Discussion and Outlook
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Subfamily | Genus | Species | Geographical Distribution |
---|---|---|---|
Crocidurinae | Crocidura | 222 species | Asia, Africa, and Europe |
Diplomesodon | 1 species | Europe | |
Feroculus | 1 species | Asia | |
Palawanosorex | 1 species | Asia | |
Paracrocidura | 3 species | Africa | |
Ruwenzorisorex | 1 species | Africa | |
Scutisorex | 2 species | Africa | |
Solisorex | 1 species | Asia | |
Suncus | 20 species | Asia, Africa, Europe, and Oceania | |
Sylvisorex | 15 species | Africa | |
Soricinae | Anourosorex | 4 species | Asia |
Blarina | 5 species | North America | |
Blarinella | 2 species | Asia | |
Cryptotis | 54 species | North America and South America | |
Chimarrogale | 7 species | Asia | |
Chodsigoa | 10 species | Asia | |
Episoriculus | 8 species | Asia | |
Megasorex | 1 species | North America | |
Nectogale | 1 species | Asia | |
Nesiotites | 3 species | Asia | |
Neomys | 3 species | Europe and Asia | |
Notiosorex | 4 species | North America | |
Parablarinella | 2 species | Asia | |
Sorex | 86 species | Asia, Europe, North America and South America | |
Soriculus | 5 species | Asia | |
Myosoricinae | Congosorex | 3 species | Africa |
Myosorex | 19 species | Africa | |
Surdisorex | 3 species | Africa |
Virus Family and Genus | Virus Species and Name | Host Species | Country | Detection and References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arenaviridae, Mammarenavirus | Mammarenavirus wenzhouense * (Wēnzhōu virus) | Suncus murinus | China | diverse samples_RT-PCR + isolation [12,13]; multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Mammarenavirus choriomeningitidis * (lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus) | Crocidura goliath | Gabon | sera_serology [14] | |
unclassified species (shrew mammarenavirus) | Suncus murinus | China | diverse samples_RT-PCR [15] | |
Bornaviridae, Orthobornavirus | Orthobornavirus bornaense * (Borna disease virus 1) | Crocidura leucodon | Switzerland; Germany | heart_RT-PCR [16]; multiple organs_HTS [OR713886] # |
Chuviridae, unclassified genera | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew chuvirus 1) | Crocidura attenuata; Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew chuvirus 2) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew chuvirus 5) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew chuvirus 6) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Crocidura lasiura chuvirus) | Crocidura lasiura | China | Lung_HTS [17] | |
Filoviridae, Ebolavirus | Oblavirus percae * (Ebola virus) | Sylvisorex ollula | Central African Republic | spleen_RT-PCR [18] |
Hantaviridae, Mobatvirus | Mobatvirus lenaense (Lena virus) | Sorex caecutiens; Sorex roboratus | Russia | lung_RT-PCR [19] |
Hantaviridae, Orthohantavirus | Orthohantavirus artybashense (Artybash virus) | Sorex caecutiens | Russia | lung_RT-PCR [20] |
Orthohantavirus asikkalaense (Asikkala virus) | Sorex minutus | Finland; the Czech Republic; Germany | diverse samples_RT-PCR [21] | |
Orthohantavirus boweense (Bowé virus) | Crocidura douceti | Guinea | muscle_RT-PCR [22] | |
Orthohantavirus caobangense (Cao Bằng virus; Wufeng shrew orthohantavirus 1; Wufeng shrew orthohantavirus 2) | Anourosorex squamipes; Chodsigoa smithii | Vietnam; China | diverse samples_RT-PCR [23]; multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
Orthohantavirus jejuense (Jeju virus) | Crocidura shantungensis | South Korea | lung + liver_RT-PCR [24] | |
Orthohantavirus kenkemeense (Kenkeme virus) | Sorex roboratus | Russia | lung + liver_RT-PCR [25] | |
Orthohantavirus seoulense * (Seoul virus) | Crocidura lasiura | China | lung_RT-PCR [26] | |
Orthohantavirus seewisense (Seewis virus) | Sorex araneus; Sorex tundrensis; Sorex daphaenodon; Sorex minutus; Neomys anomalus | Switzerland, Germany, Slovakia, Hungary, Finland, Austria, Russia, Poland, and the Czech Republic | lung + liver_RT-PCR [27,28] | |
unclassified species (Yákèshí virus) | Sorex unguiculatus | China | diverse samples_RT-PCR [23] | |
unclassified species (Altai virus) | Sorex araneus | Russia | lung_RT-PCR + isolation [29] | |
unclassified species (Xinyi virus) | Anourosorex yamashinai | China | multiple organs_RT-PCR [30] | |
unclassified species (Ash River virus) | Sorex cinereus | United States | lung + liver_RT-PCR [31] | |
unclassified species (Jemez Springs virus) | Sorex monticolus | United States | lung + liver_RT-PCR [31] | |
unclassified species (Camp Ripley virus) | Blarina brevicauda | United States | lung + liver_RT-PCR [32] | |
unclassified species (Boginia virus) | Neomys fodiens | Poland | lung_RT-PCR [33] | |
unclassified species (Azagny virus) | Crocidura obscurior | Côte d’Ivoire | lung_RT-PCR [34] | |
unclassified species (Qiān Hú Shān virus) | Sorex cylindricauda | China | lung_RT-PCR [35] | |
Hantaviridae, Thottimvirus | Thottimvirus imjinense (Imjin virus) | Crocidura lasiura | South Korea | diverse samples_RT-PCR + isolation [36] |
Thottimvirus thottapalayamense (Thottapalayam virus) | Suncus murinus | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
Thottimvirus thottapalayamense (Thottapalayam virus) | Suncus murinus | India, Nepal | lung_RT-PCR + isolation [37,38] | |
unclassified species (Kilimanjaro virus) | Myosorex geata | Tanzania | liver_RT-PCR [39] | |
unclassified species (Uluguru virus) | Myosorex zinki | Tanzania | liver_RT-PCR [39] | |
Nairoviridae, Orthonairovirus | Orthonairovirus erveense * (Erve virus) | Crocidura russula | France, Germany | multiple organs_RT-PCR [40] [OR713866] # |
Orthonairovirus lambarenense (Lamusara virus) | Crocidura sp. | Gabon | kidney_RT-PCR [41] | |
Orthonairovirus thiaforaense (Thiafora virus) | Crocidura sp. | Senegal | multiple organs_HTS [42] | |
unclassified species (Rasenna virus) | Crocidura russula | Germany | multiple organs_HTS [OR713845] # | |
unclassified species (Lamgora virus) | Crocidura sp. | Gabon | kidney_RT-PCR [41] | |
unclassified species (Cencurut virus) | Suncus murinus | Singapore | Lung + spleen + kidney_HTS [43] | |
unclassified species (Crocidura tanakae nairovirus 1) | Crocidura tanakae | China | Lung_HTS [17] | |
Nairoviridae, Xinspiovirus | unclassified species (Crocidura tanakae nairovirus 1) | Crocidura tanakae | China | Lung_HTS [17] |
Orthomyxoviridae, Alphainfluenzavirus | Alphainfluenzavirus influenzae (influenza A virus) | Anourosorex squamipes | China | Lung_HTS [17] |
Paramyxoviridae, Henipavirus | unclassified species (Daeryong virus) | Crocidura lasiura; Crocidura shantungensis | South Korea | kidney_HTS [44] |
unclassified species (Langya virus) | Crocidura lasiura; Crocidura shantungensis | China | diverse samples_HTS + isolation [45] | |
unclassified species (Melian virus) | Crocidura grandiceps | Guinea | kidney_HTS [46] | |
unclassified species (Denwin virus) | Crocidura russula | Belgium; Germany | kidney_HTS [46] multiple organs_HTS; [OR713882] # | |
unclassified species (Hasua virus) | Crocidura russula | Germany | multiple organs_HTS [OR713881] # | |
unclassified species (Lechcodon virus) | Crocidura russula | Germany | multiple organs_HTS [OR713879] # | |
unclassified species (Resua virus) | Crocidura russula | Germany | multiple organs_HTS [OR713876] # | |
unclassified species (Ninorex virus) | Sorex minutus | Belgium | kidney_HTS [47] | |
unclassified species (Jinmen shrew henipavirus 1) | Crocidura shantungensis; Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Jinmen shrew henipavirus 2) | Crocidura shantungensis | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wenzhou shrew henipavirus 1) | Suncus murinus | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wenzhou shrew henipavirus 2) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
Paramyxoviridae, Jeilongvirus | Jeilongvirus beilongi (Beilong virus) | Crocidura shantungensis; Suncus murinus | China | diverse samples_RT-PCR [48] |
Phenuiviridae, Bandavirus | Bandavirus dabieense * (severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus) | Suncus murinus | China | serum + spleen_RT-PCR + serology [49] |
Phenuiviridae, unclassified genera | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 1) | Anourosorex squamipes | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 2) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 3) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 4) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 5) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 6) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 7) | Anourosorex squamipes | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 8) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 9) | Anourosorex squamipes | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 10) | Anourosorex squamipes | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 11) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 12) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 13) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 14) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 15) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew phenuivirus 16) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus | Lyssavirus mokola (Mokola virus) | Crocidura sp. | Nigeria | multiple organs_isolation + serology + sequencing [50] |
Lyssavirus rabies (rabies virus) | Suncus murinus | China | Lung_HTS [17] | |
Rhabdoviridae, Tupavirus | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew tupavirus 1) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Rhabdoviridae, unclassified genera | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew rhabdovirus 2) | Anourosorex squamipes; Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew rhabdovirus 4) | Anourosorex squamipes | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew rhabdovirus 6) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew rhabdovirus 7) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew rhabdovirus 10) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew rhabdovirus 15) | Blarinella griselda | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew rhabdovirus 18) | Anourosorex squamipes | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Anourosorex squamipes rhabdovirus) | Anourosorex squamipes | China | Lung_HTS [17] | |
Bunyavirales, unclassified families | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew bunyavirus 1) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew bunyavirus 2) | Anourosorex squamipes | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew bunyavirus 3) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
(Wufeng shrew bunyavirus 4) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Virus Family and Genus | Virus Species and Name | Host Species | Country | Detection and References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Arteriviridae, Muarterivirus | Muarterivirus afrigant (Olivier’s shrew virus 1) | Crocidura olivieri guineensis | Guinea | diverse sample_HTS [70] |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew arterivirus 1) | Anourosorex squamipes | China | multiple organs_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Jingmen shrew arterivirus 1) | Crocidura shantungensis | China | multiple organs_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Jingmen shrew arterivirus 2) | Crocidura shantungensis | China | multiple organs_HTS [11] | |
Arteriviridae, unclassified genus | unclassified species (Crocidura shantungensis arterivirus 1) | Crocidura shantungensis | China | Lung_HTS [17] |
unclassified species (Crocidura shantungensis arterivirus 2) | Crocidura shantungensis | China | Lung_HTS [17] | |
unclassified species (Crocidura shantungensis arterivirus 3) | Crocidura shantungensis | China | Lung_HTS [17] | |
Astroviridae, Bastrovius | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew bastrovirus 1) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Astroviridae, Bastrovius | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew bastrovirus 2) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Astroviridae, Bastrovius | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew bastrovirus 3) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Astroviridae, Mamastrovirus | unclassified species (shrew astrovirus) | Episoriculus leucops; Crociduraattenuata | China | feces_RT-PCR [71] |
Astroviridae, Mamastrovirus | unclassified species (Jingmen_shrew_astrovirus 1) | Crocidura shantungensis | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Astroviridae, Mamastrovirus | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew_astrovirus 1) | Anourosorex squamipes | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Astroviridae, unclassified genera | unclassified species (Wenzhou rodent astrovirus 1) | Suncus murinus | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Caliciviridae, Lagovirus | Lagovirus europaeus * (rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus) | Crocidura russula | Spain | liver_RT-PCR [72] |
Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus | unclassified species (shrew alphacoronavirus) | Sorex araneus | United Kingdom | liver_RT-PCR [73] |
unclassified species (Wencheng shrew coronavirus) | Suncus murinus | China | rectum_RT-PCR [74] | |
unclassified species (Common shrew coronavirus) | Sorex araneus | China | pharyngeal and anal swabs_HTS [75] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew alphacoronavirus 1) | Suncus murinus | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
Flaviviridae, Orthoflavivirus | Orthoflavivirus encephalitidis * (tick-borne encephalitis virus) | Sorex araneus | Slovakia | sera_RT-PCR + isolation [76,77] |
Orthoflavivirus powassanense * (Powassan virus 2) | Blarina brevicauda | United States | spleen + brain_PCR [78] | |
Orthoflavivirus usutuense * (Usutu virus) | Crocidura sp. | Senegal | brain_RT-PCR + isolation [79] | |
Flaviviridae, Pegivirus | Pegivirus neotomae * (rodent pegivirus) | Suncus murinus | China | sera_RT-PCR [80] |
Flaviviridae, Pegivirus | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew pegivirus 2) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Flaviviridae, Hepacivirus | unclassified species (Suncus murinus hepacivirus) | Suncus murinus | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Flaviviridae, Hepacivirus | unclassified species (Wufeng rodent hepacivirus 3) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Flaviviridae, Hepacivirus | unclassified species (Wufeng rodent hepacivirus 3) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Flaviviridae, Hepacivirus | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew hepacivirus 1) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Flaviviridae, Pestivirus | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew pestivirus 1) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Hepeviridae, Paslahepevirus | unclassified species (shrew hepatitis E virus) | Suncus murinus | China | serum_RT-PCR + serology [81] |
Hepeviridae, unclassified genera | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew hepevirus 2) | Crocidura attenuata; Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew hepe-like virus 1) | Chodsigoa smithii; Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew hepevirus_2) | Chodsigoa smithii; Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (shrew hepatitis E virus) | Crocidura russula | Germany | multiple organs_HTS [OR713884] # | |
unclassified species (Crocidura lasiura hepevirus) | Crocidura lasiura | China | Lung_HTS [17] | |
Nodaviridae, unclassified genus | unclassified species (Jingmen shrew nodavirus 1) | Crocidura shantungensis | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew nodavirus 1) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew nodavirus 2) | Chodsigoa smithii; Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew nodavirus 4) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew nodavirus 6) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew nodavirus 7) | Crocidura attenuata; Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew nodavirus 8) | Crocidura attenuata; Anourosorex squamipes | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew nodavirus 10) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew nodavirus 12) | Anourosorex squamipes | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew nodavirus 13) | Crocidura attenuata; Blarinella griselda | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew nodavirus 15) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew nodavirus 16) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew nodavirus 17) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
Picornaviridae, Dicipivirus | unclassified species (Crocidura lasiura picornavirus 2) | Crocidura lasiura | China | Lung_HTS [17] |
Picornaviridae, Hepatovirus | Hepatovirus ishrewi (shrew hepatovirus) | Sorex araneus | Germany | diverse samples_RT-PCR + isolation [82] |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew_picornavirus 1) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
Picornaviridae, Mischivirus | Mischivirus ehoushre (Mischivirus E) | Suncus murinus | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew picornavirus 3) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
Picornaviridae, Parechovirus | Parechovirus beljungani * (Ljungan virus) | Crocidura leucodon; Sorex antinorii | Italy | multiple organs_RT-PCR [83] |
Picornaviridae, Parabovirus | unclassified species (Sorex caecutiens picornavirus) | Sorex caecutiens | China | Lung_HTS [17] |
Picornaviridae, unclassified genera | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew picornavirus 4) | Anourosorex squamipes | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
unclassified species (Wenzhou shrew picornavirus 1) | Suncus murinus; Chodsigoa smithii; Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew picornavirus 2) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew_picornavirus 5) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew picornavirus 6) | Blarinella griselda | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Crocidura lasiura picornavirus 1) | Crocidura lasiura | China | Lung_HTS [17] | |
unclassified species (Suncus murinus picornavirus 12) | Suncus murinus | China | Lung_HTS [17] | |
unclassified species (Suncus murinus picornavirus 294) | Suncus murinus | China | Lung_HTS [17] | |
Hepelivirales unclassified family | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew hepe-like virus 1) | Chodsigoa smithii; Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Nodamuvirales unclassified family | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew nodamuvirus 1) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Nodamuvirales unclassified family | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew nodamuvirus 2) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
Virus Family and Genus | Virus Species and Name | Host Species | Country | Detection and References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Adenoviridae, Mastadenovirus | unclassified species (Asian house shrew adenovirus) | Suncus murinus; Sorex araneus | China | feces_PCR [95] |
unclassified species (shrew adenovirus) | Sylvisorex sp. | Cameroon | feces_PCR [96] | |
Hepadnaviridae, Orthohepadnavirus | Orthohepadnavirus soricisinensis (shrew hepatitis B virus) | Anourosorex squamipes; Crocidura attenuata; Crocidura lasiura | China | liver_PCR [97] |
Orthoherpesviridae, unclassified genus | four unclassified species (shrew orthoherpesvirus) | Crocidura spp. | Cameroon and Congo | liver + spleen_PCR [74] |
Polyomaviridae, Alphapolyomavirus | unclassified Alphapolyomavirus * (human polyomavirus 12) | Sorex araneus; Sorex coronatus; Sorex minutus | Germany and Norway | diverse samples_PCR [98] |
Poxviridae, Orthopoxvirus | Orthopoxvirus monkeypox * (monkeypox virus) | Crocidura spp. | Zambia and Congo | sera + spleen_PCR + serology [99] |
unclassified species (shrew orthopoxvirus) | Sorex araneus | Norway | lung_PCR [54] |
Virus Family and Genus | Virus Species and Name | Host Species | Country | Detection and References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anelloviridae, Rhotorquevirus | Rhotorquevirus murid 1 (Torque teno rodent virus) | Suncus murinus | China | throat + sera_PCR [104] |
Parvoviridae, Protoparvovirus | Rodent protoparvovirus 1 (Mpulungu bufavirus) | Crocidura hirta | Zambia | spleen + intestinal contents_HTS+ PCR [105] |
Parvoviridae, Bocaparvovirus | unclassified species * (porcine bocavirus G4) | Suncus murinus | China | feces + sera_PCR [106] |
Parvoviridae, Dependoparvovirus | unclassified species (shrew adeno-associated virus) | Suncus murinus | China | feces + sera_PCR [107] |
Virus Family and Genus | Virus Species and Name | Host Species | Country | Detection and References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Picobirnaviridae unclassified genus | unclassified species (shrew picobirnavirus 1) | Crocidura lasiura; Crocidura shantungensis | China | Lung_HTS [17] |
Sedoreoviridae, Orbivirus | Orbivirus caerulinguae * (Bluetongue virus) | unknown shrews | Unknown (Africa) | sera_serology [110] |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew orbivirus) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
Sedoreoviridae, Rotavirus | Rotavirus alphagastroenteritidis * (rotavirus A) | Suncus murinus; Chodsigoa smithii | China | feces_RT-PCR [111]; multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
unclassified species (Jingmen_shrew rotavirus_1) | Crocidura shantungensis | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew_rotavirus 1) | Blarinella griselda; Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew_rotavirus 2) | Anourosorex squamipes; Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Crocidura shantungensis rotavirus 9) | Crocidura shantungensis | China | Lung_HTS [17] | |
(Crocidura shantungensis rotavirus 10) | Crocidura shantungensis | China | Lung_HTS [17] | |
Sedoreoviridae, unclassified genera | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew reo-like virus 2) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew reo-like virus 8) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew reo-like virus 3) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
Spinareoviridae, Cypovirus | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew cypovirus 1) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew cypovirus 2) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
Spinareoviridae, Orthoreovirus | unclassified species (Wenzhou shrew orthoreovirus 1) | Suncus murinus | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
unclassified species (mammalian orthoreovirus) | Crocidura shantungensis | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
Spinareoviridae, unclassified genera | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew reovirus 1) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
unclassified species (Wenzhou shrew reovirus 1) | Suncus murinus | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wenzhou shrew reovirus 2) | Suncus murinus | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew reo-like virus 1) | Chodsigoa smithii; Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew reo-like virus 4) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew reo-like virus 6) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew reo-like virus 7) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew reo-like virus 10) | Crocidura attenuata | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] | |
Reovirales, unclassified family | unclassified species (Wufeng shrew reo-like virus 5) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
unclassified species (Wufeng shrew_reo-like_virus_9) | Chodsigoa smithii | China | multiple organs and feces_HTS [11] |
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Gong, H.-Y.; Chen, R.-X.; Tan, S.-M.; Wang, X.; Chen, J.-M.; Zhang, Y.-L.; Liao, M. Viruses Identified in Shrews (Soricidae) and Their Biomedical Significance. Viruses 2024, 16, 1441. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16091441
Gong H-Y, Chen R-X, Tan S-M, Wang X, Chen J-M, Zhang Y-L, Liao M. Viruses Identified in Shrews (Soricidae) and Their Biomedical Significance. Viruses. 2024; 16(9):1441. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16091441
Chicago/Turabian StyleGong, Huan-Yu, Rui-Xu Chen, Su-Mei Tan, Xiu Wang, Ji-Ming Chen, Yuan-Long Zhang, and Ming Liao. 2024. "Viruses Identified in Shrews (Soricidae) and Their Biomedical Significance" Viruses 16, no. 9: 1441. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16091441