Numerical Simulation of Hydrogen Leakage and Diffusion Process of Fuel Cell Vehicle
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Numerical Simulation Model
2.1. Physical Model
2.2. Boundary Conditions
2.3. Mathematical Model
2.4. Model Validation
3. Results
3.1. Hydrogen Leakage and Diffusion Process HFCV Open Space and Influencing Factors
3.1.1. Location of Leakage
3.1.2. Rate of Leakage
3.1.3. Wind Speed
3.1.4. Wind Direction
3.2. Analysis of the Influencing Factors of the Airway in Closed Space
3.2.1. Area of Vent
3.2.2. Location of Vent
4. Conclusions
- The hydrogen leakage and diffusion process in open space is divided into three stages: leakage and diffusion, concentration dilution and stable balance. At the beginning of the leakage, when the air can dilute hydrogen, the distribution range is reduced. After the hydrogen leakage, diffusion and dilution, the hydrogen distribution range never changes. When the distribution is stable, the hydrogen concentration is characterized by a conical stratified distribution structure, the hydrogen concentration and concentrated gradient near the leakage port. The width increases with the diffusion distance and with the inclined straight line characteristics.
- In open space, the leakage rate greatly effects the hydrogen distribution range. The greater the leakage rate, the greater the hydrogen concentration range. Environmental wind affects the hydrogen distribution range and the diffusion direction. When hydrogen leaks to the rear of the car, the smaller the wind speed under different adverse wind speeds, the larger the hydrogen distribution range, and more hydrogen is distributed under the chassis, which is not conducive to the safety of HFCV. Under different wind directions, the 90-degree side wind significantly changes the hydrogen diffusion direction of hydrogen, with the fastest diffusion and the minimum concentration distribution range, the most conducive to hydrogen diffusion. However, the maximum distribution range and the highest risk are under the reverse wind.
- The air outlet in closed space has an effect on the rising rate and size of hydrogen concentration. In the case of hydrogen backward leakage, the influence of the top vent is slight. Under different top vent areas, the overall diffusion process of hydrogen in space never changes, and the effect is limited to the vicinity of the vent. Compared with the top vent, opening the vent at the back of the space can make hydrogen diffuse to the external environment faster and significantly reduce the rising rate and concentration of hydrogen concentration in this space. Therefore, after hydrogen leakage, the best effect is to open the vent in the position where hydrogen first diffuses.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
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Nomenclature | |||
---|---|---|---|
velocity (m/s) | E | total energy of micro element (J) | |
t | time (s) | thermal conductivity | |
gas density (kg/m3) | h | enthalpy | |
viscous stress (N) | mass concentration | ||
P | gas pressure (Pa) | c | volume concentration |
J | diffusion flux | D | diffusion coefficient |
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Jiao, M.; Zhu, H.; Huang, J.; Zhang, X. Numerical Simulation of Hydrogen Leakage and Diffusion Process of Fuel Cell Vehicle. World Electr. Veh. J. 2021, 12, 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040193
Jiao M, Zhu H, Huang J, Zhang X. Numerical Simulation of Hydrogen Leakage and Diffusion Process of Fuel Cell Vehicle. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2021; 12(4):193. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040193
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiao, Mingyu, Haoran Zhu, Jinglong Huang, and Xin Zhang. 2021. "Numerical Simulation of Hydrogen Leakage and Diffusion Process of Fuel Cell Vehicle" World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 4: 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040193