Large Scale EVs’ Charging Scheduling Ensuring Secure and Efficient Operation of Traffic and Distribution

Current research about the application of large scale electric vehicles (EVs) is carried out in two fields: (1) From the aspect of the traffic system, charging navigation technologies were proposed, to improve traffic efficiency and charging convenience of the EV driver. (2) From the aspect of the distribution system, the “smart” charging strategies were developed to optimize charging profile, where power loss of distribution system, voltage limits and load variance were taken into account. However, few studies focused on simultaneous improvement of EV owner’s convenience, traffic system performance, charging station performance and distribution system performance after the application of large scale EVs. In this paper, a multi-objective function considering the performance indices of traffic system and distribution system including road travel speed, traffic flow, charging waiting time, power loss of distribution system and voltage of distribution node is developed to schedule large scale EVs’ charging behaviour and obtain optimal performance of the whole system. Constraints including load capacity of charging stations, charging requirements and endurance mileage of EVs are overall considered, and a method for determining weights of the multi-objective function is discussed. A simulation system is built for verifying the effectiveness of proposed strategy. Simulation results shows that, compared with the usual charging scheduling strategy, average heavy congestion ratio of the district around the charging station in the evening rush hours is reduced from 0.52 to 0.48, the percentage of EVs waiting for charging is reduced from 7.5% to 0.5%, the maximal power loss rate of distribution system is decreased by 3.5%, and the maximal voltage deviation of distribution system is decreased by 3.4% due to the proposed strategy.