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Volume 8
Issue 2
10.3390/wevj8020521
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World Electric Vehicle Journal is published by MDPI from Volume 9 issue 1 (2018). Previous articles were published by The World Electric Vehicle Association (WEVA) and its member the European Association for e-Mobility (AVERE), the Electric Drive Transportation Association (EDTA), and the Electric Vehicle Association of Asia Pacific (EVAAP). They are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with AVERE.
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Article

Charge Management Optimization for Future TOU Rates

by
Jiucai Zhang
* and
Tony Markel
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Co 80007, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
World Electr. Veh. J. 2016, 8(2), 521-530; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj8020521
Published: 24 June 2016
Versions Notes

Abstract

The effectiveness of future time of use (TOU) rates to enable managed charging depends on the vehicle’s flexibility and the benefits to owners. This paper adopts opportunity, delayed, and smart charging methods to quantify these impacts, flexibilities, and benefits. Simulation results show that delayed and smart charging methods can shift most charging events to lower TOU rate periods without compromising the charged energy and individual driver mobility needs.
Keywords: EV (electric vehicle); smart grid; charging; off-peak; renewable EV (electric vehicle); smart grid; charging; off-peak; renewable

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, J.; Markel, T. Charge Management Optimization for Future TOU Rates. World Electr. Veh. J. 2016, 8, 521-530. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj8020521

AMA Style

Zhang J, Markel T. Charge Management Optimization for Future TOU Rates. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2016; 8(2):521-530. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj8020521

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Jiucai, and Tony Markel. 2016. "Charge Management Optimization for Future TOU Rates" World Electric Vehicle Journal 8, no. 2: 521-530. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj8020521

APA Style

Zhang, J., & Markel, T. (2016). Charge Management Optimization for Future TOU Rates. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 8(2), 521-530. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj8020521

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