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Cardiogenetics
Volume 6
Issue 1
10.4081/cardiogenetics.2016.5973
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Cardiogenetics is published by MDPI from Volume 10 Issue 2 (2020). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with PAGEPress.
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Review

Pathogenesis of Takotsubo Syndrome

by
Daniele Masarone
1,*,
Valeria Maddaloni
2,
Marta Rubino
1,
Fiorella Fratta
1,
Annapaola Cirillo
1,
Ludovica Spinelli Barrile
1,
Roberta Pacileo
1,
Adelaide Fusco
1,
Guido Coppola
1,
Francesca Pisacane
1,
Paolo Calabrò
1,
Raffaele Calabrò
1,
Edoardo Bossone
3,4,5,
Maria Giovanna Russo
1 and
Giuseppe Pacileo
1
1
Department of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Second University of Naples
2
Genomic and Cellular Lab, Monaldi Hospital, Second University of Naples
3
Heart Department, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona University-Hospital, Salerno
4
Cardiology Division, Cava de’Tirreni and Amalfi Coast Hospital, Heart Department, University of Salerno, Cava de’Tirreni (SA)
5
Cardiac Surgery Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese (MI), Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cardiogenetics 2016, 6(1), 5973; https://doi.org/10.4081/cardiogenetics.2016.5973
Submission received: 6 May 2016 / Revised: 17 January 2017 / Accepted: 18 January 2017 / Published: 20 January 2017

Abstract

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an enigmatic disease with a multifactorial and still unresolved pathogenesis. Postulated mechanisms include catecholamine excess, coronary artery spasm, and microvascular dysfunction, however catecholamines seem to play a central role in the pathophysiology of TTS. In facts catecholamines have relevant effects on the vasculature and myocardium. Toxic direct effects of catecholamine on myocardium are mediated by multiple pathway including functional hypoxia, metabolic changes and changes in membrane permeability leading to various electrolytic imbalances. Recently report of familial cases has suggested a genetic component. Further research is required to help clarify the proposed hypotheses and to increase our understanding of the cardiovascular responses to acute stress and the pathophysiology underpinning TTS.
Keywords: takotsubo syndrome; catecholamine induced myocardial toxicity; pathophysiology takotsubo syndrome; catecholamine induced myocardial toxicity; pathophysiology

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Masarone, D.; Maddaloni, V.; Rubino, M.; Fratta, F.; Cirillo, A.; Spinelli Barrile, L.; Pacileo, R.; Fusco, A.; Coppola, G.; Pisacane, F.; et al. Pathogenesis of Takotsubo Syndrome. Cardiogenetics 2016, 6, 5973. https://doi.org/10.4081/cardiogenetics.2016.5973

AMA Style

Masarone D, Maddaloni V, Rubino M, Fratta F, Cirillo A, Spinelli Barrile L, Pacileo R, Fusco A, Coppola G, Pisacane F, et al. Pathogenesis of Takotsubo Syndrome. Cardiogenetics. 2016; 6(1):5973. https://doi.org/10.4081/cardiogenetics.2016.5973

Chicago/Turabian Style

Masarone, Daniele, Valeria Maddaloni, Marta Rubino, Fiorella Fratta, Annapaola Cirillo, Ludovica Spinelli Barrile, Roberta Pacileo, Adelaide Fusco, Guido Coppola, Francesca Pisacane, and et al. 2016. "Pathogenesis of Takotsubo Syndrome" Cardiogenetics 6, no. 1: 5973. https://doi.org/10.4081/cardiogenetics.2016.5973

APA Style

Masarone, D., Maddaloni, V., Rubino, M., Fratta, F., Cirillo, A., Spinelli Barrile, L., Pacileo, R., Fusco, A., Coppola, G., Pisacane, F., Calabrò, P., Calabrò, R., Bossone, E., Russo, M. G., & Pacileo, G. (2016). Pathogenesis of Takotsubo Syndrome. Cardiogenetics, 6(1), 5973. https://doi.org/10.4081/cardiogenetics.2016.5973

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