Dietary Supplements as Concentrated Sources of Nutrients with a Nutritional or Physiological Effect for Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Nutritional Concerns in Children with IBD
3. Nutritional Management of Pediatric IBD Patients
4. Vitamin Supplements for Children with IBD
4.1. Vitamin D
4.2. Vitamin B12
4.3. Folate/Folic Acid
4.4. Other Vitamins
5. Mineral Supplements for Pediatric IBD
5.1. Calcium
5.2. Iron
5.3. Zinc
6. Other Supplements under Investigation for Pediatric IBD Nutritional Management
6.1. Omega-3 Fatty Acids
6.2. Boswellia serrata
6.3. Curcumin
6.4. Butyric Acid
6.5. Cannabidiol (CBD) Oil
7. Probiotics in Pediatric IBD
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dietary Supplement | Concentration in Pediatric IBD | Biological Function | Needed Daily Intake for Children | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamin D (cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol) | Reduced | Bone health, immune function, calcium absorption | 600–1000 IU | Sunlight, fortified milk, fatty fish |
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin) | Reduced | DNA synthesis, hematopoiesis, support neurological function | 250 to 1000 μg of cyanocobalamin every other day | Meat, dairy, fortified cereals |
Folate (Vitamin B9) (folic acid supplements) | Reduced | DNA synthesis, cell division, red blood cell formation | 800 µg to 1 mg/day | Leafy greens, beans, fortified cereals |
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) | Normal to Reduced | Antioxidant, collagen synthesis, immune function | 15–45 mg (varies by age) | Citrus fruits, strawberries, bell peppers |
Vitamin A (retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate (preformed vitamin A), beta-carotene (provitamin A), | Normal to Reduced | Vision, immune function, skin health | 300–600 µg (varies by age) | Carrots, sweet potatoes, leafy greens |
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) | Normal to Reduced | Energy metabolism, nerve function | 0.5–1.2 mg (varies by age) | Whole grains, pork, legumes |
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine) | Normal to Reduced | Protein metabolism, cognitive development, immune function | 600 µg (varies by age) | Poultry, fish, potatoes, bananas |
Vitamin E (d-alpha-tocopherol or natural mixed tocopherols) | Normal to Reduced | Antioxidant, protects cell membranes | 9–16.4 IU/daily (varies by age) | Nuts, seeds, vegetable oils |
Vitamin K (phylloquinone or phytonadione) | Normal to Reduced | Blood clotting, bone metabolism | 30–75 µg (varies by age) | Leafy greens, broccoli, brussel sprouts |
Dietary Supplement | Concentration in Pediatric IBD | Role in the Body | Needed Daily Intake for Children | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|
Iron (ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate) | Reduced | Hemoglobin production, oxygen transport | 6 mg/kg/day (varies by age) | Red meat, beans, fortified cereals |
Calcium (calcium carbonate, calcium citrate) | Reduced | Bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling | 1200–1500 mg/day (varies by age) | Dairy products, leafy greens, tofu |
Zinc (zinc sulfate, zinc gluconate) | Reduced | Immune function, wound healing, DNA synthesis | 5–10 mg/day (varies by age) | Meat, shellfish, legumes |
Magnesium (magnesium citrate, etc.) | Reduced | Muscle and nerve function, bone health, energy production | 80–240 mg (varies by age) | Nuts, seeds, whole grains |
Supplements | Type of Supplements | Effects/Benefits |
---|---|---|
Omega-3 fatty acids | Fish oil supplements | Anti-inflammatory effects, improved mucosal healing. |
Boswellia serrata | Boswellia extract supplements | Anti-inflammatory effects, pain relief. |
Curcumin | Curcumin extract supplements | Anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidant properties. |
Butyric acid | Butyrate supplements | Gut mucosal integrity support, anti-inflammatory effects. |
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Shentova, R.; Mihova, A.; Velikova, T. Dietary Supplements as Concentrated Sources of Nutrients with a Nutritional or Physiological Effect for Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol. Insights 2024, 15, 647-660. https://doi.org/10.3390/gastroent15030047
Shentova R, Mihova A, Velikova T. Dietary Supplements as Concentrated Sources of Nutrients with a Nutritional or Physiological Effect for Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology Insights. 2024; 15(3):647-660. https://doi.org/10.3390/gastroent15030047
Chicago/Turabian StyleShentova, Rayna, Antoaneta Mihova, and Tsvetelina Velikova. 2024. "Dietary Supplements as Concentrated Sources of Nutrients with a Nutritional or Physiological Effect for Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease" Gastroenterology Insights 15, no. 3: 647-660. https://doi.org/10.3390/gastroent15030047