Comparative Epidemiological and Clinical Outcomes on COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza Hospitalized Patients during 2023
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Vaccination Status
3.2. Demographic Characteristics
3.3. Co-Morbidities
3.4. Clinical Characteristics
3.5. Radiological Characteristics
3.6. Antiviral and Antibiotic Treatment
3.7. Evolution, Complications
3.8. Characteristics of COVID-19 and Influenza Co-Infection
4. Discussion
Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | F | F | M |
Age (years) | 68 | 83 | 70 |
Vaccine C/F | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
Duration from onset to admission (days) | 1 | 4 | 3 |
Fever | No | No | No |
Clinical appearance | Cough Asthenia | Cough Asthenia Chills Myalgia | Cough Chills Myalgia |
Co-morbidities | CHF Obesity Depression | CHF CKD Obesity hypertension | CHF COPD |
X-rays findings | Bilateral opacities | Interstitial enhancement Pachypleuritis Bilateral hypertransparency Perihilar bilateral fibrosis | Unilateral opacity Bilateral hypertransparency Bronchiectasis |
Complications | RF Nephritis | RF Hypercoagulation | RF |
Antivirals (days) | Remdesivir (3) Oseltamivir (6) | Remdesivir (3) Oseltamivir (10) | Remdesivir (3) Oseltamivir (5) |
Hosp. length (days) | 11 | 9 | 5 |
Outcome (discharge) | Improved | Improved | Asymptomatic |
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COVID-19 (N1 = 150) | Influenza (N2 = 170) | Odds Ratio | Chi-Square Test (p) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n1 | % | n2 | % | ||||
Gen | male | 61 | 40.7% | 74 | 43.5% | 1.124 | 0.604 |
female | 89 | 59.3% | 96 | 56.5% | |||
Living area | urban | 90 | 60% | 99 | 58.2% | 0.929 | 0.748 |
rural | 60 | 40% | 71 | 41.7% | |||
Education | illiterate | 8 | 5.3% | 31 | 18.2% | 0.172 1.343 1.325 | <0.001 0.407 0.295 |
4 years | 30 | 20% | 30 | 11.8% | |||
8 years | 48 | 32% | 48 | 25.3% | |||
≥12 years | 64 | 42.7% | 76 | 44.70% | |||
Occupation | employed | 25 | 16.7% | 41 | 24.1% | 0.406 3.362 | 0.002 <0.001 |
retired | 96 | 64% | 64 | 37.6% | |||
unemployed | 29 | 19.3% | 65 | 24.1% |
COVID-19 (N = 150) | FLU (N = 170) | OR | CI 0.95 | Fisher’s Exact Test (p) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n1 | % | n2 | % | ||||
Obesity * | 58 | 38.7% | 46 | 27.1% | 1.69 | 1.06; 2.71 | 0.026 |
Hypertension | 66 | 44% | 51 | 30 | 1.83 | 1.15; 2.89 | 0.013 |
Charlson Co-morbidities | |||||||
MI | 4 | 2.67% | 2 | 1.18% | 2.30 | 0.43; 12.17 | 0.570 |
CHF | 26 | 17.3% | 23 | 13.6% | 1.33 | 0.72; 2.44 | 0.443 |
PVD | 1 | 0.67% | 4 | 2.35% | 0.27 | 0.03; 2.19 | 0.224 |
CVA | 20 | 13.3% | 6 | 3.50% | 4.17 | 1.73; 10.07 | 0.002 |
Dementia | 7 | 4.67% | 6 | 3.53% | 1.33 | 0.44; 4.05 | 0.814 |
COPD | 10 | 6.67% | 8 | 4.71% | 1.44 | 0.55; 3.74 | 0.604 |
CTD | 2 | 1.33% | 1 | 0.59% | 2.28 | 0.21; 23.83 | 0.906 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 5 | 3.33% | 1 | 0.59% | 5.82 | 0.86; 39.44 | 0.161 |
Liver disease | 15 | 10% | 11 | 6.47% | 1.60 | 0.71; 3.59 | 0.343 |
Diabetes mellitus | 38 | 25.3% | 15 | 8.82% | 3.50 | 1.88; 6.51 | <0.001 |
Hemiplegia | 5 | 3.33% | 3 | 1.76% | 1.91 | 0.46; 7.98 | 0.589 |
CKD | 7 | 4.67% | 8 | 4.71% | 0.99 | 0.35; 2.80 | 1.198 |
Solid tumor | 8 | 5.33% | 4 | 2.35% | 2.33 | 0.71; 7.67 | 0.269 |
Leukemia | 1 | 0.67% | 2 | 1.18% | 0.56 | 0.05; 6.08 | 1.093 |
Lymphoma | 2 | 1.33% | 0 | 0 | - | - | - |
AIDS | 6 | 4% | 5 | 2.94% | 1.37 | 0.41; 4.57 | 0.829 |
COVID-19 (N = 150) | FLU (N = 170) | OR | CI 0.95 | Fisher’s Exact Test (p) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fever | 87 | 58% | 131 | 77.1% | 2.43 | 1.5; 3.9 | <0.001 |
Chills | 39 | 26% | 71 | 41.8% | 2.04 | 1.2; 3.2 | 0.003 |
Headache | 50 | 66.7 | 59 | 65.3 | 1.06 | 0.6;1.6 | 0.795 |
Myalgia | 45 | 30% | 64 | 37.6% | 1.40 | 0.8; 2.2 | 0.149 |
Arthralgia | 14 | 9.33% | 27 | 15.9% | 1.83 | 0.9;3.6 | 0.110 |
Sore throat | 37 | 24.7% | 48 | 28.2% | 1.20 | 0.7; 1.9 | 0.552 |
Rhinorrhea | 10 | 6.67% | 33 | 19.4% | 3.37 | 1.65; 6.88 | 0.001 |
Cough | 62 | 41.3% | 36 | 21.2% | 2.62 | 1.6; 4.2 | <0.001 |
Dyspnea | 24 | 16% | 15 | 8.8% | 1.96 | 0.9; 3.87 | 0.070 |
Vomiting | 13 | 8.67% | 28 | 16.5% | 2.07 | 1.0; 4.1 | 0.053 |
Diarrhea | 14 | 9.3% | 7 | 4.1% | 2.39 | 0.9; 5.9 | 0.097 |
Abdominal pain | 5 | 3.3% | 1 | 0.6% | 0.17 | 0.0; 1.16 | 0.161 |
Chest pains | 6 | 4% | 6 | 3.5% | 1.13 | 0.3; 3.6 | 1.050 |
Asthenia | 41 | 27.3% | 44 | 25.9% | 0.92 | 0.5; 1.5 | 0.866 |
Vertigo | 9 | 6% | 10 | 5.8% | 0.97 | 0.3; 2.4 | 1.14 |
Lipothymia | 7 | 4.67% | 3 | 1.76% | 0.366 | 0.0; 1.3 | 0.243 |
COVID-19 (N = 150) | FLU (N = 170) | OR | CI 0.95 | Fisher’s Exact Test (p) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n1 | % | n2 | % | ||||
Outcome | |||||||
Mild | 24 | 16% | 29 | 17.1% | 0.92 | 0.5; 1.67 | 0.919 |
Medium | 112 | 74.7% | 119 | 70% | 0.79 | 0.4; 1.3 | 0.421 |
Severe | 16 | 10.7% | 22 | 12.9% | 0.83 | 0.4; 1.6 | 0.651 |
Aggravation | 3 | 2% | 11 | 6.47% | 3.38 | 0.9; 11.5 | 0.088 |
Deaths—30 days | 4 | 2.67% | 8 | 4.71% | 1.80 | 0.5; 6.0 | 0.511 |
Complications | |||||||
Sepsis | 1 | 0.7% | 1 | 0.6% | 1.13 | 0.0; 18.2 | 1.437 |
Pneumonia | 141 | 94% | 151 | 88.8% | 0.50 | 0.2; 1.1 | 0.148 |
Respiratory failure | 15 | 10% | 20 | 11.8% | 0.83 | 0.4; 1.6 | 0.747 |
Hepatitis | 14 | 9.33 | 22 | 12.9% | 1.44 | 0.7; 2.9 | 0.400 |
Nephritis | 35 | 23.3% | 13 | 7.65% | 3.67 | 1.9; 7.0 | <0.001 |
Hypercoagulation | 39 | 26% | 2 | 1.18% | 29.51 | 10.8; 80.2 | <0.001 |
Cl. difficile Diarrhea | 8 | 5.3% | 1 | 0.6% | 9.52 | 1.7; 53.4 | 0.022 |
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Vlase, C.-M.; Stuparu Cretu, M.; Vasile, M.-C.; Popovici, G.-C.; Arbune, M. Comparative Epidemiological and Clinical Outcomes on COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza Hospitalized Patients during 2023. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2024, 16, 783-793. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr16050060
Vlase C-M, Stuparu Cretu M, Vasile M-C, Popovici G-C, Arbune M. Comparative Epidemiological and Clinical Outcomes on COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza Hospitalized Patients during 2023. Infectious Disease Reports. 2024; 16(5):783-793. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr16050060
Chicago/Turabian StyleVlase, Constantin-Marinel, Mariana Stuparu Cretu, Mihaela-Camelia Vasile, George-Cosmin Popovici, and Manuela Arbune. 2024. "Comparative Epidemiological and Clinical Outcomes on COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza Hospitalized Patients during 2023" Infectious Disease Reports 16, no. 5: 783-793. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr16050060