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Article

Gender Differences, Routes of Transmission, Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Prevalence of HIV Related Infections of Adults and Children in an HIV Cohort from a Rural District of India

by
Gerardo Alvarez-Uria
*,
Manoranjan Midde
,
Raghavakalyan Pakam
and
Praveen K. Naik
Department of Infectious Diseases. Rural Development Trust Hospital, Bathalapalli, Anantapur district, AP, India
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2012, 4(1), e19; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2012.e19
Submission received: 5 October 2011 / Revised: 31 October 2011 / Accepted: 29 December 2011 / Published: 17 February 2012

Abstract

Despite 67% of HIV infected people in India are rural residents, the epidemiology of HIV in rural areas is not well known. This is an observational cohort study of 11,040 HIV infected people living in a rural district of India. The prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis of HIV infected patients were compared to the seroprevalence in 16,641 blood donors from the same area. The age of diagnosis in adults was below 35 years in 70% of cases and 56% were illiterate. One third of women were widows and only 3.6% of adults had a permanent job. Women were diagnosed at earlier age, had lower level of education, had poorer employment conditions and depended more on their relatives than men. In a survey performed to a subgroup of patients, 81% of women referred to have acquired HIV from their spouse, whereas 51% of men acquired HIV from commercial sex. Patients with HIV had significantly higher prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and syphilis than blood donors. Seroprevalence of HIV-2, hepatitis C and toxoplasmosis were low compared to other sites. Six percent were children (<15 years) and almost half of them had lost one or both of their parents. The study shows the poor socio-economical situation and the high level of illiteracy of people living with HIV in rural India, especially women. Future health programmes of HIV in India should take into account the particularities of the HIV epidemic in rural areas.
Keywords: HIV; India; Socioeconomic Factors; Women; Pediatrics HIV; India; Socioeconomic Factors; Women; Pediatrics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alvarez-Uria, G.; Midde, M.; Pakam, R.; Naik, P.K. Gender Differences, Routes of Transmission, Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Prevalence of HIV Related Infections of Adults and Children in an HIV Cohort from a Rural District of India. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2012, 4, e19. https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2012.e19

AMA Style

Alvarez-Uria G, Midde M, Pakam R, Naik PK. Gender Differences, Routes of Transmission, Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Prevalence of HIV Related Infections of Adults and Children in an HIV Cohort from a Rural District of India. Infectious Disease Reports. 2012; 4(1):e19. https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2012.e19

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alvarez-Uria, Gerardo, Manoranjan Midde, Raghavakalyan Pakam, and Praveen K. Naik. 2012. "Gender Differences, Routes of Transmission, Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Prevalence of HIV Related Infections of Adults and Children in an HIV Cohort from a Rural District of India" Infectious Disease Reports 4, no. 1: e19. https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2012.e19

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