Does DHN-Melanin Always Protect Fungi against Antifungal Drugs? The Fonsecaea/Micafungin Paradigm
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Strains
2.2. DHN-Melanin Inhibition
2.3. Antifungal Susceptibility Test
2.4. Survival Assay
2.5. Chitin Quantification
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. High Tricyclazole Concentration Is Necessary to Partially Inhibit Fonsecaea spp. Melanization
3.2. Tricyclazole Affects Differently the MIC of Drugs with Low Antifungal Activity against Fonsecaea spp.
3.3. Most Fonsecaea spp. Strains with Inhibited DHN-Melanin Production Are Resistant to Micafungin Killing
3.4. Chitin Is not Associated with Micafungin Resistance of Tricyclazole Treated Fonsecaea spp. Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strain | Species | DHN-Melanin | Amphotericin B | Fluconazole | Flucytosine | Micafungin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19889 | F. pedrosoi | regular | 4 mg/L | 16 mg/L | 16 mg/L | 8 mg/L |
inhibited | 4 mg/L | 16 mg/L | 16 mg/L | ≥16 mg/L | ||
38437 | F. pedrosoi | regular | 8 mg/L | 16 mg/L | 32 mg/L | 1 mg/L |
inhibited | 1 mg/L | 16 mg/L | 16 mg/L | 4 mg/L | ||
38833 | F. monophora | regular | 8 mg/L | 16 mg/L | 8 mg/L | 8 mg/L |
inhibited | 2 mg/L | 16 mg/L | 16 mg/L | ≥16 mg/L | ||
41080 | F. monophora | regular | 8 mg/L | 16 mg/L | 4 mg/L | 8 mg/L |
inhibited | 2 mg/L | 16 mg/L | 2 mg/L | 4 mg/L | ||
16451 | F. nubica | regular | 4 mg/L | 16 mg/L | 4 mg/L | 8 mg/L |
inhibited | 1 mg/L | 32 mg/L | 8 mg/L | ≥16 mg/L | ||
34113 | F. nubica | regular | 4 mg/L | 32 mg/L | 4 mg/L | 8 mg/L |
inhibited | 1 mg/L | 32 mg/L | 8 mg/L | ≥16 mg/L | ||
34242 | F. nubica | regular | 8 mg/L | 16 mg/L | 4 mg/L | 8 mg/L |
inhibited | 2 mg/L | 32 mg/L | 8 mg/L | ≥16 mg/L |
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Coelho, R.A.; Figueiredo-Carvalho, M.H.G.; Silva, J.V.d.S.; Correa-Junior, D.; Frases, S.; Zancopé-Oliveira, R.M.; Freitas, D.F.S.; Almeida-Paes, R. Does DHN-Melanin Always Protect Fungi against Antifungal Drugs? The Fonsecaea/Micafungin Paradigm. Microbiol. Res. 2022, 13, 201-209. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres13020017
Coelho RA, Figueiredo-Carvalho MHG, Silva JVdS, Correa-Junior D, Frases S, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Freitas DFS, Almeida-Paes R. Does DHN-Melanin Always Protect Fungi against Antifungal Drugs? The Fonsecaea/Micafungin Paradigm. Microbiology Research. 2022; 13(2):201-209. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres13020017
Chicago/Turabian StyleCoelho, Rowena Alves, Maria Helena Galdino Figueiredo-Carvalho, Juliana Vitória dos Santos Silva, Dario Correa-Junior, Susana Frases, Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira, Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas, and Rodrigo Almeida-Paes. 2022. "Does DHN-Melanin Always Protect Fungi against Antifungal Drugs? The Fonsecaea/Micafungin Paradigm" Microbiology Research 13, no. 2: 201-209. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres13020017
APA StyleCoelho, R. A., Figueiredo-Carvalho, M. H. G., Silva, J. V. d. S., Correa-Junior, D., Frases, S., Zancopé-Oliveira, R. M., Freitas, D. F. S., & Almeida-Paes, R. (2022). Does DHN-Melanin Always Protect Fungi against Antifungal Drugs? The Fonsecaea/Micafungin Paradigm. Microbiology Research, 13(2), 201-209. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres13020017