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Microbiology Research
Volume 13
Issue 3
10.3390/microbiolres13030031
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Review

Streptomyces: Still the Biggest Producer of New Natural Secondary Metabolites, a Current Perspective

by
Lavinia Donald
1,
Atanas Pipite
1,*,
Ramesh Subramani
1,
Jeremy Owen
2,3,4,
Robert A. Keyzers
3,4,5 and
Taitusi Taufa
1
1
School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences (SAGEONS), The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Private Mail Bag, Suva, Fiji
2
School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
3
Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
4
Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 92019, New Zealand
5
School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microbiol. Res. 2022, 13(3), 418-465; https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres13030031
Submission received: 3 June 2022 / Revised: 22 June 2022 / Accepted: 29 June 2022 / Published: 1 July 2022
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Abstract

There is a real consensus that new antibiotics are urgently needed and are the best chance for combating antibiotic resistance. The phylum Actinobacteria is one of the main producers of new antibiotics, with a recent paradigm shift whereby rare actinomycetes have been increasingly targeted as a source of new secondary metabolites for the discovery of new antibiotics. However, this review shows that the genus Streptomyces is still the largest current producer of new and innovative secondary metabolites. Between January 2015 and December 2020, a significantly high number of novel Streptomyces spp. have been isolated from different environments, including extreme environments, symbionts, terrestrial soils, sediments and also from marine environments, mainly from marine invertebrates and marine sediments. This review highlights 135 new species of Streptomyces during this 6-year period with 108 new species of Streptomyces from the terrestrial environment and 27 new species from marine sources. A brief summary of the different pre-treatment methods used for the successful isolation of some of the new species of Streptomyces is also discussed, as well as the biological activities of the isolated secondary metabolites. A total of 279 new secondary metabolites have been recorded from 121 species of Streptomyces which exhibit diverse biological activity. The greatest number of new secondary metabolites originated from the terrestrial-sourced Streptomyces spp.
Keywords: streptomycetes; Streptomyces; extreme environments; actinobacteria; microbial natural products streptomycetes; Streptomyces; extreme environments; actinobacteria; microbial natural products

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MDPI and ACS Style

Donald, L.; Pipite, A.; Subramani, R.; Owen, J.; Keyzers, R.A.; Taufa, T. Streptomyces: Still the Biggest Producer of New Natural Secondary Metabolites, a Current Perspective. Microbiol. Res. 2022, 13, 418-465. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres13030031

AMA Style

Donald L, Pipite A, Subramani R, Owen J, Keyzers RA, Taufa T. Streptomyces: Still the Biggest Producer of New Natural Secondary Metabolites, a Current Perspective. Microbiology Research. 2022; 13(3):418-465. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres13030031

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donald, Lavinia, Atanas Pipite, Ramesh Subramani, Jeremy Owen, Robert A. Keyzers, and Taitusi Taufa. 2022. "Streptomyces: Still the Biggest Producer of New Natural Secondary Metabolites, a Current Perspective" Microbiology Research 13, no. 3: 418-465. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres13030031

APA Style

Donald, L., Pipite, A., Subramani, R., Owen, J., Keyzers, R. A., & Taufa, T. (2022). Streptomyces: Still the Biggest Producer of New Natural Secondary Metabolites, a Current Perspective. Microbiology Research, 13(3), 418-465. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres13030031

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