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Pediatric Reports
Volume 8
Issue 3
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Pediatric Reports is published by MDPI from Volume 12 Issue 3 (2020). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with PAGEPress.

Pediatr. Rep., Volume 8, Issue 3 (September 2016) – 6 articles

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618 KiB  
Case Report
Swyer-James Syndrome in a 7-Year-Old Female
by Jun Mori, Daisuke Kaneda, Atsushi Fujiki, Kenichi Isoda, Tomoya Kotani and Yo Ushijima
Pediatr. Rep. 2016, 8(3), 6643; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2016.6643 - 3 Oct 2016
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 557
Abstract
Swyer-James syndrome is a rare syndrome that occurs as a result of repeated bronchiolitis and pneumonitis in childhood. Most cases are asymptomatic, and subsequent diagnosis may not occur until adulthood. We present the case of a 7-year-old female with Swyer-James syndrome, which was [...] Read more.
Swyer-James syndrome is a rare syndrome that occurs as a result of repeated bronchiolitis and pneumonitis in childhood. Most cases are asymptomatic, and subsequent diagnosis may not occur until adulthood. We present the case of a 7-year-old female with Swyer-James syndrome, which was initially diagnosed and treated as asthma. The patient developed respiratory distress and atelectasis which were treated with biphasic cuirass ventilation. This case suggests that Swyer-James syndrome should be a concern in patients with chronic cough and wheezing, and highlights the importance of taking a careful history and appropriate radiological investigations for diagnosis. Once Swyer-James syndrome is diagnosed, prophylaxis and appropriate management of respiratory infections becomes important. Full article
693 KiB  
Article
Post Discharge Formula Fortification of Maternal Human Milk of Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: an Introduction of a Feeding Protocol in a University Hospital
by Abeer El Sakka, Sami El Shimi, Kareem Salama and Hend Fayez
Pediatr. Rep. 2016, 8(3), 6632; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2016.6632 - 3 Oct 2016
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 870
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the growth parameters and nutritional biochemical markers and complications of fortification of human milk by post discharge formula of preterm very low birth weight newborns (VLBW). Fifty preterm infants less than 37 weeks with weight [...] Read more.
The objective of this study is to determine the growth parameters and nutritional biochemical markers and complications of fortification of human milk by post discharge formula of preterm very low birth weight newborns (VLBW). Fifty preterm infants less than 37 weeks with weight less than 1500 g were enrolled in the study. They received parental nutrition and feeding according to our protocol. When enteral feeding reached 100 cc/kg/day, infants were randomized into two groups: group I, Cases, n=25, where post discharge formula (PDF) was used for fortification, group II, Controls, n=25 with no fortification. Infants of both groups were given 50% of required enteral feeding as premature formula. This protocol was used until infants’ weight reached 1800 g. Daily weight, weekly length and head circumference were recorded. Hemoglobin, albumin (Alb), electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and clinical complications were documented. Human milk fortification with PDF resulted in better growth with increase in weight 16.8 and 13.78 g/kg/day (P=0.0430), length 0.76 and 0.58 cm/week (P=0.0027), and head circumference of 0.59 and 0.5 cm/week (P=0.0217) in cases and controls respectively. Duration of hospital stay was less in cases (22.76 versus 28.52 days in Controls), P=0.02. No significant changes were found in serum electrolytes, BUN, or Alb between both groups. Hemoglobin was significantly higher in Cases, P=0.04. There were no significant clinical complications. Our feeding protocol of fortification of human milk with PDF in preterm very low birth weight newborns resulted in better growth and decrease in length of hospital stay. The use of PDF could be an alternative option for fortification of mothers’ milk for preterm VLBW infants in developing countries with low resources. Full article
625 KiB  
Case Report
Bruises around the Umbilicus in an Infant
by Sam Hassan, Ghassan Nakib and Mary J. Saviour
Pediatr. Rep. 2016, 8(3), 6555; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2016.6555 - 3 Oct 2016
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 836
Abstract
The most common causes of umbilical discharge in infancy are infection and umbilical granuloma that may be treated by antibiotics and topical application of silver nitrate subsequently. If the umbilical discharge persists or if there is any abnormal discoloration around the umbilicus, it [...] Read more.
The most common causes of umbilical discharge in infancy are infection and umbilical granuloma that may be treated by antibiotics and topical application of silver nitrate subsequently. If the umbilical discharge persists or if there is any abnormal discoloration around the umbilicus, it is important to investigate for underlying congenital abnormality that may be cured by surgical intervention. Unusual presentation of omphalomesenteric duct cyst has been reported in literature. We report, for the first time as far as our search is concerned, a case of a 16-month-old infant who presented initially with persistent umbilical discharge and finally with bruising around the umbilicus in keeping with Cullen’s sign. A diagnosis of omphalomesenteric duct cyst containing pancreatic tissue was made on histopathological examination. This case emphasizes that, a persistent umbilical discharge and or discoloration around the umbilicus should be further investigated and an omphalomesenteric duct cyst can present as Cullen’s sign. Full article
630 KiB  
Case Report
Sternal Osteomyelitis after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination
by Rolandas Selvestravičius, Elena Sučilienė, Kęstutis Saniukas, Odeta Bobelytė and Vytautas Usonis
Pediatr. Rep. 2016, 8(3), 6626; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2016.6626 - 19 Sep 2016
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 401
Abstract
Presented here is the case of a nine-month-old boy with the osteomyelitis of the upper area sternum caused by bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the Danish 1331 strain vaccine against tuberculosis. Upon examination, a swelling of approximately 2×3 cm diameter was observed in the upper [...] Read more.
Presented here is the case of a nine-month-old boy with the osteomyelitis of the upper area sternum caused by bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), the Danish 1331 strain vaccine against tuberculosis. Upon examination, a swelling of approximately 2×3 cm diameter was observed in the upper sternal area. The mass was hard, fixed and sensitive to palpation with no local skin hyperaemia. Chest X-rays revealed a round mass anterior to the sternum, suggesting a diagnosis of osteomyelitis. A consequent sternal biopsy was performed and Mycobacterium bovis BCG was identified by a positive growth culture. Full article
650 KiB  
Case Report
Mild Encephalopathy with Reversible Lesions in the Splenium of Corpus Callosum and Bilateral Cerebral Deep white Matter in Identical twins
by Junko Tahara, Jun Shinozuka, Hitoshi Awaguni, Shin-ichiro Tanaka, Shigeru Makino, Rikken Maruyama and Shinsaku Imashuku
Pediatr. Rep. 2016, 8(3), 6615; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2016.6615 - 19 Sep 2016
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 428
Abstract
Identical twin brothers developed mild encephalopathy at the age of 7.0 and 9.7 years (Patient 1) and 10.7 years (Patient 2). Patient 1 had influenza A at the time of his second episode, but triggering agents were not evident at the first episode. [...] Read more.
Identical twin brothers developed mild encephalopathy at the age of 7.0 and 9.7 years (Patient 1) and 10.7 years (Patient 2). Patient 1 had influenza A at the time of his second episode, but triggering agents were not evident at the first episode. The triggering agents in Patient 2 were unclear. The neurological features of both patients included transient facial numbness, left arm paresis, dysarthria, and gait disturbance. Diffusion-weighted images from magnetic resonance imaging showed high signal levels at the splenium of corpus callosum and in the bilateral cerebral deep white matter. These results are characteristic of mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible isolated splenium of corpus callosum lesion. All three episodes were treated with a methylprednisolone pulse. Acyclovir was also administered to Patient 2 and to Patient 1 during his first episode. Patient 1 received an anti-influenza agent and intravenous immunoglobulin during his second episode. Both patients recovered completely without sequelae. Genetic factors, which may predispose identical twins to develop encephalopathy, are discussed. Full article
599 KiB  
Article
The Role of DNA Amplification and Cultural Growth in Complicated Acute Appendicitis
by Francesca Tocchioni, Chiara Tani, Laura Bartolini, Maria Moriondo, Francesco Nieddu, Patrizia Pecile, Chiara Azzari, Antonio Messineo and Marco Ghionzoli
Pediatr. Rep. 2016, 8(3), 6487; https://doi.org/10.4081/pr.2016.6487 - 19 Sep 2016
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 628
Abstract
Bacterial growth of peritoneal fluid specimens obtained during surgical procedures for acute appendicitis may be useful to optimize further antibiotic therapy in complicated cases. DNA amplification represents a fast technique to detect microbial sequences. We aimed to compare the potential of DNA amplification [...] Read more.
Bacterial growth of peritoneal fluid specimens obtained during surgical procedures for acute appendicitis may be useful to optimize further antibiotic therapy in complicated cases. DNA amplification represents a fast technique to detect microbial sequences. We aimed to compare the potential of DNA amplification versus traditional bacterial growth culture highlighting advantages and drawbacks in a surgical setting. Peritoneal fluid specimens were collected during surgery from 36 children who underwent appendectomy between May and December 2012. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cultures were performed on each sample. RT-PCR showed an amplification of 16S in 18/36 samples, Escherichia coli (in 7 cases), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3), Fusobacterium necrophorum (3), Adenovirus (2), E.coli (1), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1), Serratia marcescens/Enterobacter cloacae (1). Bacterial growth was instead observed only in four patients (3 E.coli and 1 P.aeruginosa and Bacteroides ovatus). Preoperative C-reactive protein and inflammation degree, the most reliable indicators of bacterial translocation, were elevated as expected. DNA amplification was a quick and useful method to detect pathogens and it was even more valuable in detecting aggressive pathogens such as anaerobes, difficult to preserve in biological cultures; its drawbacks were the lack of biological growths and of antibiograms. In our pilot study RT-PCR and cultures did not influence the way patients were treated. Full article
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