An Exploration of Rural–Urban Residence on Self-Reported Health Status with UK Cancer Survivors Following Treatment: A Brief Report
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Setting
2.3. Questionnaire Design
2.3.1. Demographics
2.3.2. Health Status
2.3.3. Rural–Urban Residence
2.4. Participant Eligibility
2.5. Sample Size Calculation
2.6. Recruitment
2.7. Consent
2.8. Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Rural Total n = 103 | Urban Total n = 120 | |
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | ||
Age | 25–44 | 3 (2.9) | 4 (3.3) |
45–54 | 12 (11.7) | 15 (12.5) | |
55–64 | 24 (23.3) | 26 (21.7) | |
65–74 | 42 (40.8) | 48 (40.0) | |
Over 75 | 22 (21.4) | 27 (22.5) | |
Gender | Female | 62 (60.2) | 57 (47.5) |
Male | 41 (39.8) | 63 (52.5) | |
Living arrangements | Partner/Spouse/Family/Friends/Nursing home | 92 (89.3) | 90 (75.0) |
Alone | 9 (8.7) | 30 (25.0) | |
Marital status | Married or living with partner | 89 (86.4) | 82 (68.3) |
Single/Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 13 (12.7) | 38 (31.7) | |
Employment status | Employed | 21 (20.4) | 30 (25.0) |
Not Employed | 3 (2.9) | 9 (7.5) | |
Retired | 69 (67.0) | 75 (62.5) | |
Other | 9 (8.7) | 6 (5.0) | |
Qualifications ** | Professional | 30 (29.1) | 30 (25.0) |
Qualification | 19 (18.4) | 20 (16.7) | |
Degree or Higher Degree | 24 (23.3) | 26 (21.7) | |
A level or equivalent GCSE/O Levels or equivalent | 35 (34.0) | 43 (35.8) | |
No qualifications | 8 (7.8) | 30 (25.0) | |
Annual household income | £0–14,999 | 23 (22.3) | 31 (25.8) |
£15–24,999 | 19 (18.4) | 36 (30.0) | |
£25–49,999 | 36 (35.0) | 35 (29.2) | |
Over £50,000 | 12 (11.7) | 8 (6.6) | |
Primary Cancer Type | Breast | 39 (37.9) | 34 (28.6) |
Urological | 22 (21.4) | 30 (25.2) | |
Skin | 8 (7.8) | 10 (8.4) | |
Head and Neck | 7 (6.8) | 6 (5.0) | |
Gynecological | 6 (5.8) | 4 (3.4) | |
Lower Gastrointestinal | 13 (12.6) | 16 (13.4) | |
Hematological | 4 (3.9) | 6 (5.0) | |
Upper Gastrointestinal | 3 (2.9) | 8 (6.7) | |
Other | 1 (1.0) | 5 (4.2) | |
Health Status | Very Good or Good | 82 (79.6) | 73 (60.9) |
Fair | 17 (16.5) | 35 (29.1) | |
Poor or Very Poor | 4 (3.9) | 12 (10.0) |
Health Status | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | B | SE B | β | t | p |
Constant | 3.701 (3.541, 3.860) | 0.081 | 45.752 | 0.000 | |
Rural–Urban | 0.430 (0.195, 0.666) | 0.119 | 0.239 | 3.603 | 0.000 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.053 | ||||
Model 2 | |||||
Constant | 3.427 (3.179, 3.675) | 0.126 | 27.254 | 0.000 | |
Rural–Urban | 0.356 (0.119, 0.594) | 0.121 | 0.198 | 2.958 | 0.009 |
Marital Status | 0.400 (0.119, 0.681) | 0.142 | 0.188 | 2.810 | 0.013 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.082 | ||||
Model 3 | |||||
Constant | 3.125 (2.766, 3.474) | 0.177 | 17.671 | 0.000 | |
Rural–Urban | 0.318 (0.081, 0.555) | 0.120 | 0.177 | 2.643 | 0.009 |
Marital Status | 0.357 (0.077, 0.637) | 0.142 | 0.168 | 2.515 | 0.013 |
Deprivation | 0.057 (0.010, 0.103) | 0.024 | 0.159 | 2.405 | 0.017 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.103 | ||||
Model 4 | |||||
Constant | 3.271 (2.900, 3.643) | 0.189 | 17.349 | 0.000 | |
Rural–Urban | 0.329 (0.094, 0.564) | 0.119 | 0.183 | 2.755 | 0.006 |
Marital Status | 0.806 (0.304, 1.308) | 0.255 | 0.379 | 3.166 | 0.002 |
Deprivation | 0.055 (0.009, 0.101) | 0.023 | 0.155 | 2.369 | 0.019 |
Living Arrangement | −0.593 (−1.145, −0.041) | 0.280 | −0.252 | −2.116 | 0.035 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.117 |
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Nelson, D.; McGonagle, I.; Jackson, C.; Kane, R. An Exploration of Rural–Urban Residence on Self-Reported Health Status with UK Cancer Survivors Following Treatment: A Brief Report. Nurs. Rep. 2022, 12, 574-582. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep12030056
Nelson D, McGonagle I, Jackson C, Kane R. An Exploration of Rural–Urban Residence on Self-Reported Health Status with UK Cancer Survivors Following Treatment: A Brief Report. Nursing Reports. 2022; 12(3):574-582. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep12030056
Chicago/Turabian StyleNelson, David, Ian McGonagle, Christine Jackson, and Ros Kane. 2022. "An Exploration of Rural–Urban Residence on Self-Reported Health Status with UK Cancer Survivors Following Treatment: A Brief Report" Nursing Reports 12, no. 3: 574-582. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep12030056
APA StyleNelson, D., McGonagle, I., Jackson, C., & Kane, R. (2022). An Exploration of Rural–Urban Residence on Self-Reported Health Status with UK Cancer Survivors Following Treatment: A Brief Report. Nursing Reports, 12(3), 574-582. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep12030056