Identifying and Exploring Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring in Nursing Approaches for Patients with Psychoactive Substance Dependence in Medical and Surgical Acute Wards
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Sampling and Recruitment
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Rigour
2.6. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. The Origin Context
3.2. Personal Thoughts of Participants
3.3. The Type of Approach Provided
3.4. School Education Received on the Subject
- -
- 10 out of 15 nurses admit that they “do not feel prepared”.
- -
- 4 out of 15 nurses state that what they have learnt comes mainly from “professional experience” rather than from the course of study.
- -
- 1 out of 15 nurses state that because these patients are unpredictable, “you cannot be prepared” (I_5).
3.5. The Effectiveness of the Rehabilitation Therapy
3.6. Methods That Can Improve Dedicated Nursing Care
- -
- 1/3 of the respondents stated that this aspect does not link directly and that a rehabilitation pathway should be created in the community and not in a non-specialised addiction ward (I_7).
- -
- the remaining 2/3 of the interviewees reported that “a psychological pathway” or any kind of “support” is missing and that the only support these patients receive is “only pharmacological” (I_5).
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Public Involvement Statement
Guidelines and Standards Statement
Use of Artificial Intelligence
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Interview Guide
- (1)
- Tell us about your experience with a patient who had a substance use disorder.
- (2)
- What do you think of a patient who, in relation to the pathology for which he or she was admitted to the ward, has a second diagnosis of substance dependence?
- (3)
- How do you think patients with a substance use disorder are managed on the ward?
- (4)
- What is your greatest concern/criticism about these patients?
- (5)
- Identify the emotional impact that occurs when caring for a patient with a substance use disorder.
- (6)
- What attitudes do patients with a substance use disorder have towards you?
- (7)
- What is your preparation to assist a patient with a substance use disorder? How do you qualify your preparation in terms of course of study?
- (8)
- What is your educational background in the field of substance use disorders?
- (9)
- What is the thing that most impressed you after caring for a patient with a substance use disorder?
- (10)
- What memories do you have of caring for a patient with a substance use disorder?
- (11)
- How did you feel when you entered alone the room of a patient with a substance use disorder?
- (12)
- What do you think about the effectiveness of therapy for people with a substance use disorder?
- (13)
- How do you think your work can improve the rehabilitation of a patient with a substance use disorder?
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Components | Interview Guide Questions | Connection to Watson’s Theory of Human Caring |
---|---|---|
Core Focus: Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring | Focuses on health promotion, human-centred care, empathetic communication, and establishing trust. | |
Experience with patients | 1, 9, 10 | Evaluation of how nurses apply empathetic care principles in daily practice. |
Personal and emotional perceptions | 2, 4, 5 | Identification of emotional barriers affecting comprehensive and empathetic care. |
Preparation and education | 7, 8 | Importance of training in caring competencies according to Watson, to enhance care quality. |
Effectiveness of therapy and care improvement | 12, 13 | Emphasises the need for integrated treatments (pharmacological and behavioural) and a supportive, trust-based environment. |
Identified main themes in results | ||
Origin context (3.1) | Impact of non-specialised care settings on the quality of human caring. | |
Personal thoughts of participants (3.2) | Dualism in nurses’ perceptions and how these perceptions affect the implementation of human-centred care. | |
Type of approach provided (3.3) | Assessment of empathetic care approach versus control and distrust approaches. | |
School education on the topic (3.4) | Deficiencies in academic training affecting the ability to provide holistic human care. | |
Effectiveness of rehabilitative therapy (3.5) | Need for a comprehensive therapeutic approach combining pharmacological care with emotional support. | |
Methods to improve nursing care (3.6) | Proposals to strengthen human-centred care, including continuous training and specialised support. |
Health Promotion Aspect | Nursing Interventions | Connection to Watson’s Theory of Human Caring |
---|---|---|
Empathetic communication | Active listening and providing non-judgemental support to patients. | This reflects Watson’s emphasis on creating a bond of trust and understanding in the nurse-patient relationship. |
Holistic care | Integration of behavioural therapy with pharmacological treatment. | Emphasises treating the patient as a whole, addressing both physical and emotional needs. |
Patient empowerment | Involving patients in decision-making about their care. | Supports Watson’s idea of respecting patients’ autonomy and empowering them in their care journey. |
Building trust | Consistent and reliable interactions, minimising distrust | Promotes a caring environment where trust is the foundation of the therapeutic relationship. |
Supportive environment | They create a safe space for patients to express their feelings and concerns. | Watson’s theory encourages a healing environment that fosters emotional and psychological well-being. |
Preventative education | We are educating patients on the risks of substance use and promoting healthier lifestyles. | Aligned with Watson’s focus on health promotion and disease prevention as crucial nursing roles. |
Reflective practice for nurses | Encouraging nurses to engage in self-reflection to improve care delivery. | Watson’s theory includes caring for oneself as an essential component of being able to care for others effectively. |
Continuous support beyond hospitalisation | They are collaborating with community resources to ensure ongoing care after discharge. | Reinforces Watson’s holistic approach, ensuring continuity of care in and out of the hospital setting. |
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Curcio, F.; Lommi, M.; Zambrano Bermeo, R.N.; Esteban-Burgos, A.A.; Pucciarelli, G.; Avilés González, C.I. Identifying and Exploring Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring in Nursing Approaches for Patients with Psychoactive Substance Dependence in Medical and Surgical Acute Wards. Nurs. Rep. 2024, 14, 2179-2191. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14030162
Curcio F, Lommi M, Zambrano Bermeo RN, Esteban-Burgos AA, Pucciarelli G, Avilés González CI. Identifying and Exploring Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring in Nursing Approaches for Patients with Psychoactive Substance Dependence in Medical and Surgical Acute Wards. Nursing Reports. 2024; 14(3):2179-2191. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14030162
Chicago/Turabian StyleCurcio, Felice, Marzia Lommi, Rosa Nury Zambrano Bermeo, Ana Alejandra Esteban-Burgos, Gianluca Pucciarelli, and Cesar Iván Avilés González. 2024. "Identifying and Exploring Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring in Nursing Approaches for Patients with Psychoactive Substance Dependence in Medical and Surgical Acute Wards" Nursing Reports 14, no. 3: 2179-2191. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14030162