Toxic Effects of Carbaryl Exposure on Juvenile Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design and Sample Preparation
2.2. Liver Enzyme Activity Determination and Serum Biochemical Index Analysis
2.3. Histological Analysis
2.4. Validation of RNA-Seq Results by Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR)
2.5. Calculations and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Impact of Carbaryl Exposure on the Liver of L. calcarifer
3.2. The Effects of Carbaryl Exposure on Serum Biochemical Indices in L. calcarifer
3.3. Histological Analysis
3.4. Analysis of Immune Gene Expression Levels
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Chemical Pesticide Exposure on Liver Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Fish
4.2. Effect of Chemical Pesticide Exposure on Serum Biochemical Indexes in Fish
4.3. Effects of Chemical Pesticide Exposure on Organs and Tissues
4.4. Changes in the Expression of Immune Genes in Fish by Chemical Pesticides
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Ethics Statement
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Abbreviation | Primer Sequence (5′–3′) | Amplicon Size (bp) | Accession No. |
---|---|---|---|
β-actin | F: AACCAAACGCCCAACAACT | 112 | XM_018667666 |
R: ATAACTGAAGCCATGCCAATG | |||
HSP90 | F: ACGATGATGAGCAGTATGCC R: CAAACAGGGTGATGGGGTA | 201 | XM018661637 |
HSP70 | F: CTGGAGTCCTACGCTTTCAA R: CTTGCTGATGATGGGGTTAC | 204 | HQ646109 |
C3 | F: AAATGCTGCCATCGTTCC | 175 | XM_018679796 |
R: CCAGTGACCTTCAGACCAAA | |||
IL-8 | F: TCTGACTGTTCCTGAGGCTATC R: GACGTCCAATGGGCTTTCT | 92 | XM_018695863 |
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Huang, J.; Fu, Z.; Yu, W.; Bai, Z.; Ma, Z. Toxic Effects of Carbaryl Exposure on Juvenile Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer). J. Xenobiot. 2024, 14, 923-938. https://doi.org/10.3390/jox14030051
Huang J, Fu Z, Yu W, Bai Z, Ma Z. Toxic Effects of Carbaryl Exposure on Juvenile Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer). Journal of Xenobiotics. 2024; 14(3):923-938. https://doi.org/10.3390/jox14030051
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Junhua, Zhengyi Fu, Wei Yu, Zemin Bai, and Zhenhua Ma. 2024. "Toxic Effects of Carbaryl Exposure on Juvenile Asian Seabass (Lates calcarifer)" Journal of Xenobiotics 14, no. 3: 923-938. https://doi.org/10.3390/jox14030051