Spatial Responses of Net Ecosystem Productivity of the Yellow River Basin under Diurnal Asymmetric Warming
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Overview of Study Area and Data Sources
2.1. Overview of Study Area
2.2. Data Sources
2.2.1. Remote Sensing Data of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
2.2.2. Meteorological Data
2.2.3. Vegetation Data
3. Research Method and Models
3.1. The modified CASA Model for Calculating NPP
3.2. Calculation of NEP
3.3. Analysis of NEP Changes
3.3.1. Model for Slope Analysis
3.3.2. Model for Stability Analysis (CV)
3.3.3. Hurst Exponent Model Based on R/S Analysis
3.4. Partial Correlation Analysis between the Nep and Climatic Factors
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Comparative Analysis of the YRB’s Diurnal Asymmetric Warming and NPP
4.2. Response of the YRB’s NEP to Diurnal Asymmetric Warming
5. Conclusions
- The YRB experienced obvious diurnal asymmetric warming from 1982 to 2015, with the rate of increase for Tmin being 1.50 times that of Tmax. The total NPP showed an overall linear upward trend with large inter-annual fluctuations. In terms of spatial distribution, the YRB’s NPP exhibited a pattern of high spatial differentiation, with low values in the northern region and high values in western and southeastern regions.
- Temporal variations of the YRB’s NEP were characterized by upward fluctuations. There were substantial variations in NEP between the various vegetation types in the following order: broadleaf forests > coniferous forests and meadows and marshes > shrubs and coppice forests > agricultural crops > grasslands and savannah bushes > deserts. For temporal fluctuations of NEP arising from different vegetation types, the characteristics were similar. Spatially, NEP values were highest in western and southeastern regions of the YRB, and lowest in the northern region. Overall, the NEP within the basin were relatively stable.
- There were significant spatial differences in terms of the impacts of diurnal warming on the YRB’s vegetation carbon sequestration capacity, which were enhanced by daytime warming but significantly inhibited by nighttime warming. The numbers of areas with nighttime warming that passed significance testing were slightly higher than those with daytime warming.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Grade | Range of Hurst Exponent | Strength of Sustainability | Grade | Range of Hurst Exponent | Strength of Unsustainability |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.50 < H ≤ 0.55 | Very weak | −1 | 0.45 < H ≤ 0.50 | Very weak |
2 | 0.55 < H ≤ 0.65 | Quite weak | −2 | 0.35 < H ≤ 0.45 | Quite weak |
3 | 0.65 < H ≤ 0.75 | Quite strong | −3 | 0.25 < H ≤ 0.35 | Quite strong |
4 | 0.75 < H ≤ 0.80 | Strong | −4 | 0.20 < H ≤ 0.25 | Strong |
5 | 0.80 < H ≤ 1.00 | Very strong | −5 | 0.00 < H ≤ 0.20 | Very strong |
Vegetation Types | Tmax | Tmin |
---|---|---|
Broadleaf forests | 0.457 ** | –0.261 |
Coniferous forests | 0.072 | 0.014 |
Meadows and marshes | –0.005 | 0.011 |
Shrubs and coppice forests | 0.381 * | 0.266 |
Agricultural crops | 0.383 * | 0.163 |
Grasslands and savannah Bushes | 0.195 * | 0.097 |
Deserts | 0.323 | 0.101 |
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He, J.; Zhang, P.; Jing, W.; Yan, Y. Spatial Responses of Net Ecosystem Productivity of the Yellow River Basin under Diurnal Asymmetric Warming. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3646. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103646
He J, Zhang P, Jing W, Yan Y. Spatial Responses of Net Ecosystem Productivity of the Yellow River Basin under Diurnal Asymmetric Warming. Sustainability. 2018; 10(10):3646. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103646
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Jianjian, Pengyan Zhang, Wenlong Jing, and Yuhang Yan. 2018. "Spatial Responses of Net Ecosystem Productivity of the Yellow River Basin under Diurnal Asymmetric Warming" Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3646. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103646