Sustainability

37 pages, 39718 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Modelling and Dynamic Evaluation of Building Glass Curtain Wall-Reflected Glare Pollution for Road Vehicle Drivers

by Ruichen Peng, Jili Zhang and Yanli Han

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3823; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093823 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2025

Abstract

To promote sustainable development in urban environments, minimising the reflected light pollution from glass curtain walls is critical. This study investigates numerical evaluation methods for assessing the impact of curtain wall-reflected light on road traffic light pollution. While existing research focuses on indoor [...] Read more.

To promote sustainable development in urban environments, minimising the reflected light pollution from glass curtain walls is critical. This study investigates numerical evaluation methods for assessing the impact of curtain wall-reflected light on road traffic light pollution. While existing research focuses on indoor glare and static target pollution, limited attention has been given to the dynamic impacts on moving traffic participants. This research evaluates light pollution (discomfort glare) induced by triple-layer hollow glass curtain walls in green buildings. A mathematical model predicting the solar reflection characteristics (reflectivity and brightness) was established using optical equations, with the accuracy verified through field experiments and numerical simulations. Subsequently, a driver discomfort glare (DDG) evaluation model was developed, incorporating the dynamic relationships between reflected light sources and drivers, including relative position variations, vertical eye illumination, and correlations between sightlines, driving speed, and road terrain. A numerical simulation system was implemented using Rhino’s Ladybug + Honeybee tools, demonstrated through a case analysis of high-rise buildings in Dalian. The system simulated glare effects under sunny/snowy conditions while examining thickness-related variations. The results revealed significant correlations between the glass thickness, weather conditions, and discomfort glare intensity. The proposed DDG model and simulation approach offer practical tools for assessing dynamic light pollution impacts, supporting the theoretical evaluation of outdoor light environments in green buildings. This methodology provides an effective framework for analysing the moving-target light pollution from architectural reflections, advancing sustainable urban design strategies. Full article

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23 pages, 1113 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Monitoring Strategy of Air Pollution Emission from Ships in Urban Port Areas Based on Supervisory Game Analysis

by Ching-Kuei Kao and Dao-Lin Zheng

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3822; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093822 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

In response to the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) 2020 sulfur cap and China’s stricter emission control policies, this study investigates the strategic interaction between port authorities and shipowners concerning air pollution emissions from ships in port areas. Using supervisory game theory, we construct [...] Read more.

In response to the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) 2020 sulfur cap and China’s stricter emission control policies, this study investigates the strategic interaction between port authorities and shipowners concerning air pollution emissions from ships in port areas. Using supervisory game theory, we construct a model that captures the cost–benefit trade-offs between inspection efforts by regulators and compliance behavior by ship operators. Empirical data from Guangzhou Port in 2020—including government inspection costs, fuel substitution costs, subsidy schemes, and fine levels—are incorporated into the model to simulate equilibrium outcomes. Results indicate that while the current level of inspection has a significant deterrent effect, the probability of full compliance remains low at 34.36%, highlighting the importance of a balanced regulatory approach combining inspection, fines, and subsidies. Policy implications suggest that increased financial incentives and stronger penalties can reduce both regulatory costs and non-compliance risks. This study contributes to the literature on maritime environmental governance by providing a quantitative supervisory framework grounded in real-world port data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)

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19 pages, 648 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Student Behavior with the Learner-Centered Approach in Sustainable Hospitality Education

by Shang-Yu Liu, Chin-Lien Hung, Chen-Ying Yen, Yen Su and Wei-Shuo Lo

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3821; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093821 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

This study aims to implement the concept of education for sustainable development by 2030, which can be applied in the context of hospitality education in the Asia–Pacific region. Specifically, this study focuses on achieving Sustainable Development Goal 12, which pertains to responsible consumption [...] Read more.

This study aims to implement the concept of education for sustainable development by 2030, which can be applied in the context of hospitality education in the Asia–Pacific region. Specifically, this study focuses on achieving Sustainable Development Goal 12, which pertains to responsible consumption and production, particularly in relation to food. A case study was conducted using a learner-centered approach, wherein students, as active agents, can solve problems using professional skills such as cooking, baking, and beverage preparation. Through participant observations, students learn about sustainability, starting from natural farming and extending to banquet planning and entrepreneurship simulation in a green restaurant. The program was designed as a farm-to-table process for sustainability learning. A conceptual framework of a hospitality–health supply chain was constructed to understand how the program supports the goal of education for sustainable development for 2030—societal transformation. The study has several important implications. Students are trained to be responsible producers in a green dining setting, starting from practical classroom experiences in the kitchen of a green restaurant, which will enhance their becoming the critical human resources in the hospitality industry. This program offers a successful vocational education opportunity, teaching students how to responsibly run an enterprise with low-carbon products and services. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fostering the One Health Approach in Environmental Education: Innovations, Challenges, and Opportunities)

16 pages, 3690 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Green Development Dynamics and Influencing Factors in Daihai Basin

by Bin Bin, Weijia Cao, Qingkang Yang, Jinlei Li, Shizhong Jiang and Xiaoye Cao

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3820; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093820 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Green development accounting provides the theoretical basis and data support for national or regional ecological civilization constructions. The Daihai Basin, located in Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is not only an important ecological barrier in the region but also one of the [...] Read more.

Green development accounting provides the theoretical basis and data support for national or regional ecological civilization constructions. The Daihai Basin, located in Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is not only an important ecological barrier in the region but also one of the 179 nationally important wetlands under the “China Wetland Conservation Action Plan”. It plays a crucial role in maintaining regional ecological balance, providing ecological services such as water conservation, climate regulation, and biodiversity protection. Taking Daihai Basin as the study area, an accounting system of Green Gross Domestic Product (GGDP), Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP), and Gross Economic–Ecological Product (GEEP) was constructed to explore the temporal variation characteristics of GGDP, GEP, and GEEP in the study area from 1989 to 2022. The results were as follows: (1) During the study period, the overall GGDP in Daihai Basin showed an increasing trend, with an increase of CNY 3.812 billion in the past 30 years, of which GGDP increased from 1989 to 2011 and decreased from 2011 to 2022. In addition to GDP, the ecological damage cost was the most important factor influencing GGDP in the Daihai Basin, and the most significant one is the ecological damage to the wetland. (2) The GEP in the study area decreased, with a decrease of CNY 1.066 billion in the past 30 years. However, the conversion value of “Two Mountains” increased year by year. During the study period, the ecological regulation service value, which was dominated by climate regulation and water conservation, decreased year by year. (3) The GEEP in the study area showed a fluctuating change, with an overall upward trend, reaching a maximum of CNY 9.011 billion in 2011. (4) Except for 2011, during the study period, GEEP > GEP > GGDP in Daihai Basin, but the main driving factors of the three indicators were different, and the variation trends with time were different. The results of this research can provide a decision-making basis for the high-quality development of the Daihai Basin and provide reference cases for the green development accounting of other basins. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology, Environment, and Watershed Management)

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22 pages, 479 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Artificial Intelligence and Corporate ESG Performance: A Mechanism Analysis Based on Corporate Efficiency and External Environment

by Xinyue Yu, Libo Fan and Yang Yu

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3819; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093819 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has become a key driver in shaping firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. This study investigates the impact of corporate AI capabilities on ESG outcomes and examines how external environmental factors moderate this relationship. Using [...] Read more.

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has become a key driver in shaping firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. This study investigates the impact of corporate AI capabilities on ESG outcomes and examines how external environmental factors moderate this relationship. Using panel data from all A-share listed firms on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges between 2010 and 2023, we measure firms’ AI capabilities through text analysis of annual reports and apply fixed-effects regression models to test our hypotheses. The results show that higher AI capability significantly improves ESG performance. Mechanism analysis suggests that AI enhances ESG outcomes by optimizing resource allocation and increasing efficiency in production and supply chains. Further, the positive effect of AI on ESG performance is more pronounced in industries with intense competition, while it is weakened under high environmental uncertainty. These findings contribute to the growing literature on AI and corporate sustainability by revealing both the internal mechanisms and contextual contingencies that shape ESG performance. The study offers practical insights for corporate managers aiming to leverage AI for sustainable development and provides policy recommendations for fostering supportive external environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

26 pages, 847 KiB

Open AccessArticle

AI-Driven Financial Transparency and Corporate Governance: Enhancing Accounting Practices with Evidence from Jordan

by Osama Samih Shaban and Arwa Omoush

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3818; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093818 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into financial transparency and corporate governance has reshaped how organizations ensure accountability, regulatory compliance, and risk management. This study examines the impact of AI-driven financial transparency on corporate governance and regulatory reform, focusing on Jordan. Utilizing a stratified random [...] Read more.

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into financial transparency and corporate governance has reshaped how organizations ensure accountability, regulatory compliance, and risk management. This study examines the impact of AI-driven financial transparency on corporate governance and regulatory reform, focusing on Jordan. Utilizing a stratified random sampling approach, data were collected from 564 corporate professionals across key economic sectors. Statistical analyses, including structural equation modeling (SEM) and multiple regression analysis, reveal that AI adoption significantly enhances corporate governance effectiveness (R² = 0.582), improves risk management (R² = 0.502), and increases stakeholder engagement (R² = 0.681). AI also facilitates regulatory compliance by automating monitoring processes and reducing human errors in financial disclosures. However, challenges such as bias in AI algorithms, data privacy concerns, and the need for regulatory adaptation persist. These findings contribute to the body of knowledge on AI-driven governance and provide insights for policymakers and corporate leaders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digitalisation, Entrepreneurship and Innovation for Sustainable Business Management)

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24 pages, 1284 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Market Power Improve Corporate Carbon Efficiency? Based on Evidence from Listed Chinese Companies

by Biqian Liu, Qingyan Chen and Chang Zhou

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3817; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093817 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

As a key component of China’s sustainable development strategy, the “dual-carbon” goal indicates the need to actively and steadily promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality and strengthen resource conservation and environmental protection—a core research focus published in Sustainability. Existing research in environmental economics [...] Read more.

As a key component of China’s sustainable development strategy, the “dual-carbon” goal indicates the need to actively and steadily promote carbon peaking and carbon neutrality and strengthen resource conservation and environmental protection—a core research focus published in Sustainability. Existing research in environmental economics and corporate sustainability suggests that improving carbon efficiency is a key pathway to climate-resilient industrialization, but the role of corporate market forces in this context remains under-explored. Consistent with the interdisciplinary scope of sustainability in the environmental, economic and social dimensions. This paper takes the industrial sector from 2012 to 2021 as the research sample and empirically researches and analyzes the relationship between enterprise market power and carbon efficiency and its mechanism through theoretical derivation and a fixed effect model. We found that enterprise market power is a remarkable contributor to carbon efficiency. The mechanism test found that the promotion role is reflected in the improvement of profitability, and profitability plays a mediating role in market power and carbon efficiency. In the further heterogeneity analysis, this study found that the degree of environmental information disclosure and whether an enterprise is heavily polluting present notable differences in carbon efficiency. The positive correlation between firms’ market power and carbon efficiency is more significant when firms have a lower degree of environmental information disclosure and are non heavily polluting firms. Through the expansive analysis, it is found that there is a marked cohort effect on carbon efficiency, and the market power can effectively empower the industry cohort effect of carbon efficiency. Full article

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21 pages, 6713 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatio-Temporal Dynamic of Rural Resilience to Multiple Water-Related Hazards: A Case Study in Zhejiang Province, China

by Fang Liu, Peijun Lu and Songtao Wu

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3816; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093816 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Rural areas face increasing threats from water-related disasters yet often lack the infrastructure and resources available in urban areas for effective disaster response and recovery. Understanding and improving rural resilience—the ability to withstand and recover from disasters—is critical for sustainable rural development, especially [...] Read more.

Rural areas face increasing threats from water-related disasters yet often lack the infrastructure and resources available in urban areas for effective disaster response and recovery. Understanding and improving rural resilience—the ability to withstand and recover from disasters—is critical for sustainable rural development, especially under pressures from the climate. This study introduces a practical, indicator-based framework to evaluate rural resilience by analyzing five key aspects: stability, hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and adaptability. Using Zhejiang Province in China as a case study, we examined changes in rural resilience from 2000 to 2020. Our findings reveal that regions with a strong economic foundation, diversified livelihoods, and well-developed healthcare and education infrastructure exhibit higher resilience, while those with high exposure to hazards and economic dependency on agriculture remain vulnerable. The study highlights the crucial role of adaptive capacity in driving long-term resilience, emphasizing targeted investments in rural healthcare, education, infrastructure, and economic diversification. By providing data-driven insights, this research contributes to SDG 11 by offering practical strategies for policymakers and local communities to enhance disaster preparedness and rural sustainability. Moreover, the framework developed here can be adapted and applied to other rural regions facing similar hazards globally, enhancing disaster preparedness and promoting sustainable rural development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

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22 pages, 682 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding the Impacts of Climate Anxiety on Financial Decision Making

by Zac Coates, Scott Brown and Michelle Kelly

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3815; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093815 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Previous studies have identified harmful social, physical and mental impacts due to climate change. Anxiety due to climate change or “climate anxiety” may be an adaptive reasonable response to a real threat; however, it may also be associated with considerable functional impairment of [...] Read more.

Previous studies have identified harmful social, physical and mental impacts due to climate change. Anxiety due to climate change or “climate anxiety” may be an adaptive reasonable response to a real threat; however, it may also be associated with considerable functional impairment of associated behaviours. In this study, we examined the relationship between climate anxiety and pro-environment financial decisions. Discrete choice experiments are required to make various choices with different attributes and levels, allowing us to understand the importance of different factors within these choices. We found that a moderate level of climate anxiety may be optimal for making pro-environmental choices, with this group having significantly higher consideration of sustainable investment options than participants in the low or high climate anxiety groups. We also found that, for participants with moderate levels of climate anxiety, there was no significant difference in the importance of financially focused attributes (risk, return on investment or length of investment) and sustainability, indicating it as a primary consideration in these decisions. Using a novel experimental approach to this problem, these findings are significant as they allow us to further examine choices to understand not only frequency of pro-environmental behaviours, but trade-offs participants made. This study provides evidence for the use of DCE when examining pro-environment behaviours, as they may be more robust to socially desirable response bias, compared to self-report survey measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy and Climate: Net Zero Strategies and Rapid Decarbonisation Pathways)

17 pages, 981 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Energy and Environmental Valorisation of Residual Wood Pellet by Small Size Residential Heating Systems

by Valentina Coccia, Ramoon Barros Lovate Temporim, Alessandro Paglianti, Alessia Di Giuseppe, Franco Cotana and Andrea Nicolini

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3814; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093814 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) emissions from combustion-based heating systems have been identified as a major contributor to environmental issues and human health risks. Particularly, small-scale residential combustion was responsible for 58% of the total PM_2.5 emissions in Europe in 2020, with domestic heating [...] Read more.

Particulate matter (PM) emissions from combustion-based heating systems have been identified as a major contributor to environmental issues and human health risks. Particularly, small-scale residential combustion was responsible for 58% of the total PM_2.5 emissions in Europe in 2020, with domestic heating using wood-based fuels accounting for around 56% of soot emissions. Reducing PM_2.5 emissions has become a major goal of European environmental policies, which have included it among the key targets of the Zero Pollution Action Plan. In this framework, this study presents a performance analysis of a newly developed PM abatement system consisting of a passive cyclone abatement system (PCAS) specifically designed for small residential pellet stoves. The system was tested under steady-state and non-steady-state operating conditions. The experimental results showed that the PCAS abatement system effectively captured PM at a rate of 10.64 mg/MJ, with great efficiency in capturing particles ≥ 10 µm. The heavy metal content in the captured material was below the limit values for agricultural application-destined soil. A Life Cycle Assessment showed that the PCAS could achieve net-zero PM emissions in 1 year and 8 months. Finally, the economic analysis revealed that the PCAS is significantly more cost-effective: over a 10-year period, it could save up to €4000 in installation, maintenance, and energy costs compared to conventional active systems. These findings highlight the effectiveness of this design of PCAS as in reducing PM emissions from residential heating systems and provide valuable insights for the development of future abatement systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

25 pages, 518 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Benchmarking Efficiency, Sustainability, and Corporate Responsibility in Maritime Logistics: An Entropy-GRA Model with Sensitivity Analysis

by Chia-Nan Wang, Bach Xuan Quang and Thi Thanh Tam Nguyen

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3813; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093813 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

As global awareness of sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) intensifies, container shipping lines (CSLs) face growing pressure to align their operations with stakeholder expectations. However, existing studies in maritime logistics often examine CSR and environmental performance separately, rely on qualitative methods, or [...] Read more.

As global awareness of sustainability and corporate social responsibility (CSR) intensifies, container shipping lines (CSLs) face growing pressure to align their operations with stakeholder expectations. However, existing studies in maritime logistics often examine CSR and environmental performance separately, rely on qualitative methods, or focus on broader shipping contexts without targeting CSLs specifically. Moreover, few studies provide data-driven benchmarking tools to evaluate performance across multiple sustainability dimensions. This study addresses these gaps by developing a quantitative benchmarking model that integrates entropy weighting and the grey relational analysis (GRA) to assess the performance of ten major CSLs using real-world data from 2022. The model incorporates operational, environmental, and social indicators, with entropy weighting objectively capturing the relative importance of each criterion. The GRA method is applied to rank CSLs based on their closeness to an ideal performer. A sensitivity analysis is then conducted by varying the distinguishing coefficient to test the robustness of the results. The findings reveal that cost-related criteria, such as the number of employees, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions, carry the most weight. CSLs that perform consistently across multiple indicators tend to outperform peers that show inconsistency or rely heavily on a narrow set of strengths. This study contributes to the literature by offering an integrated, replicable approach for efficiency, sustainability, and CSR performance benchmarking in maritime logistics and by providing practical insights for policymakers, industry managers, and researchers. Full article

18 pages, 439 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Does the “Civilized City” Selection Affect Environmental Governance Performance? A Spatial DID Approach Based on Prefecture-Level Cities

by Weixing Ou, Ruirui Yang and Wanhai You

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3812; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093812 (registering DOI) - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Our study employs panel data from 272 Chinese prefecture-level cities (2003–2020), leveraging the “Civilized City” selection campaign as a quasi-natural experiment. Using a Spatial Durbin Difference-in-Differences model, we systematically analyze the policy’s impact on local environmental governance performance and its spatial spillover effects, [...] Read more.

Our study employs panel data from 272 Chinese prefecture-level cities (2003–2020), leveraging the “Civilized City” selection campaign as a quasi-natural experiment. Using a Spatial Durbin Difference-in-Differences model, we systematically analyze the policy’s impact on local environmental governance performance and its spatial spillover effects, with rigorous robustness checks. Results reveal a significant positive spatial correlation in China’s environmental governance performance, indicating interdependence among cities rather than isolated decision-making. The “Civilized City” initiative not only improves local environmental governance but also generates spillover benefits for neighboring regions, thereby enhancing coordinated regional sustainability. Finally, we propose policy recommendations grounded in empirical findings and China’s governance context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spatial Analysis for the Sustainable City)

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16 pages, 4755 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design, Development, and Performance Evaluation of an Oxyhydrogen (HHO) Generator for Enhanced Fuel Efficiency

by Charbel Akl, Joseph Dgheim and Nemr El Hajj

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3811; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093811 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The growing need for clean and efficient energy has led to more interest in hydrogen-based technologies for improving combustion. Oxyhydrogen (HHO) generators have become a possible way to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions in engines by adding hydrogen to the air–fuel mix. [...] Read more.

The growing need for clean and efficient energy has led to more interest in hydrogen-based technologies for improving combustion. Oxyhydrogen (HHO) generators have become a possible way to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions in engines by adding hydrogen to the air–fuel mix. However, problems like energy loss, uneven hydrogen output, and inefficiency have slowed their use. This study looked at the design, development, and testing of a better HHO generator that solves these issues by adding a better cooling system and adjusting the potassium hydroxide (KOH) mixture (20 g, 25 g, and 30 g). The goal was to see how these changes affect hydrogen production, energy use, and system stability. The results showed that increasing the KOH mixture improved hydrogen production and electrical conductivity. The cooling system helped reduce energy loss and kept the output steady. The improved generator, using 30 g of KOH and the cooling system, produced a peak hydrogen concentration of 31 PPM—more than double that of a regular unit (14 PPM). It also worked with an efficiency of 21.4%, using 25 W of power compared to 30 W for the regular unit, saving 16.7% in energy. These findings show that this improved HHO generator could be a good and efficient solution for cars and renewable energy uses. Full article

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23 pages, 3368 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Influencing Social Interaction in Recreational Parks in Residential Neighborhoods: A Case Study of the Dammam Metropolitan Area, Saudi Arabia

by Abdulrahman Alnaim, Umar Lawal Dano and Ali M. Alqahtany

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3810; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093810 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Social interaction is crucial for social sustainability and quality of life. This research focuses on recreational parks in residential neighborhoods in the Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA) to enhance social interaction. The study is designed to identify and prioritize factors affecting social interaction in [...] Read more.

Social interaction is crucial for social sustainability and quality of life. This research focuses on recreational parks in residential neighborhoods in the Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA) to enhance social interaction. The study is designed to identify and prioritize factors affecting social interaction in the recreational parks in the residential neighborhoods in the Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA). All factors are extracted from literature studies relevant to social interaction among individuals in recreational parks. This study follows the methodology of an expert-based questionnaire to weigh each factor according to a scale from “strongly agree” to “strongly disagree” regarding the extracted factors that may influence social interaction in recreational parks. The findings emphasized the importance of the demographic characteristics of neighborhood residents, the physical characteristics of recreational parks, and social sustainability characteristics in influencing social interaction among neighborhood residents in the recreational parks in the DMA. The analysis of the demographic characteristics showed that the age group of the neighborhood residents is the most effective factor on social interaction in the recreational parks in DMA, with a score of 4.53. Secondly, the analysis of the physical characteristics of the recreational parks showed that the periodic maintenance of the recreational park is the most effective factor on social interaction in DMA, with a score of 4.79. Thirdly, the analysis of social sustainability characteristics showed that safety and security is the most effective factor on social interaction in the recreational parks in DMA, with a score of 4.74. Finally, this study concluded with some recommendations to address the probable factors that may influence social interaction in the recreational parks in the Saudi context, particularly in DMA. Full article

23 pages, 514 KiB

Open AccessArticle

External Resource Dependence and Implementation Efficiency of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD): A Hybrid Design Based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Dynamic Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)

by Haoqun Yan and Hongfeng Zhang

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3809; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093809 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Based on the urgency of education for sustainable development (ESD), it is crucial to explore ESD implementation efficiency. Since ESD is closely related to social resources, it is necessary to explore which resources can improve ESD implementation efficiency. This study employs dynamic qualitative [...] Read more.

Based on the urgency of education for sustainable development (ESD), it is crucial to explore ESD implementation efficiency. Since ESD is closely related to social resources, it is necessary to explore which resources can improve ESD implementation efficiency. This study employs dynamic qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to explore the multiple development pathways of external resources supporting the implementation efficiency of ESD in 31 provinces of China from 2017 to 2022. The results indicate that abundant basic resource- (Type I), complementary technology–culture resource- (Type II), and culture–information technology educational resource-driven (Type III) approaches are the main pathways to achieve high ESD execution efficiency. A key contribution of this study is its emphasis on the role of modern information technology in ESD. The insights garnered from this study can guide educators in leveraging information resources effectively to optimize ESD outcomes. Full article

16 pages, 753 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée: A Sustainable Fusion of Heritage and Innovation Through Ultra-High-Performance Concrete

by Mouhcine Benaicha

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3808; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093808 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée (MuCEM) in Marseille represents a paradigm shift in sustainable architecture, integrating heritage conservation with cutting-edge material technology. Designed by Rudy Ricciotti, the museum utilizes Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) to optimize structural efficiency, environmental resilience, [...] Read more.

The Musée des Civilisations de l’Europe et de la Méditerranée (MuCEM) in Marseille represents a paradigm shift in sustainable architecture, integrating heritage conservation with cutting-edge material technology. Designed by Rudy Ricciotti, the museum utilizes Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) to optimize structural efficiency, environmental resilience, and architectural aesthetics. This study highlights how UHPC contributes to reducing resource consumption and enhancing durability, in line with global sustainability goals. MuCEM’s lattice facade, modular supports, and pedestrian bridge showcase innovative engineering solutions that extend the building’s lifespan while ensuring seismic resilience and energy efficiency. Furthermore, UHPC’s longevity reduces maintenance requirements, contributing to lower life cycle costs and carbon footprint. The findings underscore how advanced materials and sustainable design principles can redefine the role of cultural landmarks in the built environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Concrete Materials for Sustainable Construction)

33 pages, 4203 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cultivating Collaborative Food Futures: Analyzing How Local Actions Address Interconnected Food Challenges

by Atsushi Watabe and Megumi Takano

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3807; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093807 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

The global food system confronts critical challenges, including food insecurity, small-scale producer vulnerability, and environmental degradation. While locally led initiatives emerge as potential solutions, they face obstacles, such as participant bias and scaling limitations. This study analyzes 157 international and 91 Japanese locally [...] Read more.

The global food system confronts critical challenges, including food insecurity, small-scale producer vulnerability, and environmental degradation. While locally led initiatives emerge as potential solutions, they face obstacles, such as participant bias and scaling limitations. This study analyzes 157 international and 91 Japanese locally led food initiatives to understand their contributions to food system sustainability. Our findings reveal that these initiatives address key issues, including food security, environmental sustainability, community revitalization, and poverty reduction, reflecting various manifestations of problems within the modern global food system despite differing contexts. These initiatives operate across the food supply chain, emphasizing cross-group collaboration, knowledge sharing, resource utilization, and shortened supply chains. Significant differences exist between high-income and low- to middle-income approaches; lower-income regions prioritize resource access and skill development, while high-income areas focus on collaboration and leveraging existing resources. Many initiatives aim to empower marginalized groups, indicating a trend towards inclusivity. Although individual local initiatives may have limited impact, their collective action in fostering collaboration and empowerment is vital for transforming food systems. Networking and intermediary support emerge as essential components for scaling these initiatives to achieve meaningful systemic change. Full article

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35 pages, 828 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Coupling and Coordination Between New-Quality Productivity and Digital Transformation in China’s Provinces

by Debao Dai, Shali Cao and Min Zhao

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3806; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093806 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Against the backdrop of the global digital wave and the “dual carbon” goals, the coordinated development of new-quality productivity and digital transformation has emerged as a critical engine for high-quality economic growth. This study constructs an evaluation system for new-quality productivity incorporating 20 [...] Read more.

Against the backdrop of the global digital wave and the “dual carbon” goals, the coordinated development of new-quality productivity and digital transformation has emerged as a critical engine for high-quality economic growth. This study constructs an evaluation system for new-quality productivity incorporating 20 indicators, including green innovation and digital infrastructure, and a 17-indicator system for digital transformation. Using the entropy method, modified coupling coordination model, and Dagum Gini coefficient, the spatiotemporal coupling characteristics of 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2023 are systematically analyzed. The findings reveal a gradient distribution of coupling coordination degree, with higher levels in the East and lower in the West. The Eastern region forms a “technology-ecology” dual-driven model through digital innovation and environmental protection investment, while Central and Western regions face dual constraints of lagging digital infrastructure and insufficient pollution control capacity. Difference decomposition shows that inter-regional disparities contribute 64–70% to overall differences, with green technology innovation and digital infrastructure efficiency identified as core influencing factors. This study proposes a differentiated coordination mechanism of “eastern leadership-central rise-western revitalization”, aiming to promote a sustainable development pattern integrating digital empowerment and ecological protection through improving cross-regional digital infrastructure networks, innovating market-based factor allocation, and establishing green technology sharing platforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Economy Transformation: Driving Sustainability Through Innovative Management)

31 pages, 549 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Socio-Economic Impacts of Waqf Investment Funds as a Model for Sustainable Financing in Saudi Arabia

by Faiza Omer Elmahgop, Faizah Alsulami, Mwahib Gasmelsied Ahmed Mohammed, Sufian Abdel-Gadir and Tomader Elhassan

Sustainability 2025, 17(9), 3805; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093805 - 23 Apr 2025

Abstract

Waqf investment funds represent an innovative approach to sustainable finance, integrating Islamic investment principles with contemporary social and economic goals. The research explores how Waqf investment funds affect socio-economic factors in Saudi Arabia through their influence on personal income, healthcare systems, and education [...] Read more.

Waqf investment funds represent an innovative approach to sustainable finance, integrating Islamic investment principles with contemporary social and economic goals. The research explores how Waqf investment funds affect socio-economic factors in Saudi Arabia through their influence on personal income, healthcare systems, and education while analyzing financial sustainability. The study assessed primary socio-economic indicators through beneficiary survey data, expert interviews, and secondary sources. The study used chi-square tests, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and regression analysis to evaluate the long-term impact of the funds on social welfare and economic stability. The results highlight several significant achievements, the most important of which is that personal income benefited most from enhanced purchasing power. At the same time, healthcare outcomes improved significantly due to support for chronic disease treatments. Support for student housing and living services positively impacted the education sector by providing learning stability and access to educational opportunities. Financial sustainability reached its peak through improved financial security measures. The full potential of Waqf investment funds remains restricted because they face continuous issues with investment diversification, governance effectiveness, and entrepreneurial support. The results show that Waqf investment funds work as a welfare tool while also serving as a strategic tool for sustainable development in line with Saudi Vision 2030 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Full article

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