A Conceptual Framework for a Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Educative-Communication Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Research Aim and Significance
1.2. Research Design
2. Research Background
Education and Communication of BIPV as a Technological Innovation
3. Method
3.1. Phase 1: Case Study Investigation on BIPV Communication Approaches
- Ability to reflect characteristics identified in the underlying theoretical background/propositions [44]
- Ability of the chosen cases to fit the purpose of the research [72]
- Ability to represent and exemplify the phenomenon of inquiry [72]
- Suitability for illuminating and extending relationships related to the investigation [45]
- Applicable for detailing and expanding logic among constructs of the study [45]
- Clear description of the existence of a phenomenon [73]
3.1.1. The IEA TASK 41 Communication Guide
3.1.2. The PVSITES Project
3.1.3. The AIQ-Model
3.1.4. Case Study Deductions
3.2. Phase 2: Design of the Approach
3.2.1. Step 1: Pillars of Sustainability as the 1st Driving Concept
3.2.2. Step 2: BIPV Triple Advantage and Hierarchy of Form as the 2nd Driving Concept
3.2.3. Step 3: The BIPV-3P Matrix
3.3. Phase 3: Evaluation
3.3.1. Pilot Survey: User Experience (UX) Format
3.3.2. Case Study Deductions Checklist
- It helps to present the important features of the developed approach
- It serves as a means of evaluating the effectiveness of the approach and any other of the same basic requirement, format or approach
- It establishes an agreement between requirements in literature deduced from established projects and the features of the approach
- It confirms that the goal of the investigation to facilitate case-specific and contextual communication on BIPV has been achieved.
- It proves that the approach is research-based and thus a credible means of communicating benefits of a BIPV proposal.
4. Discussion
5. Future Research
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Jelle, B.P. Building integrated photovoltaics: A concise description of the current state of the art and possible research pathways. Energies 2016, 9, 21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Radhi, H. On the value of decentralised PV systems for the GCC residential sector. Energy Policy 2011, 39, 2020–2027. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hiremath, R.B.; Shikha, S.; Ravindranath, N.H. Decentralized energy planning; modeling and application—A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2007, 11, 729–752. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Banos, R.; Manzano-Agugliaro, F.; Montoya, F.G.; Gil, C.; Alcayde, A.; Gómez, J. Optimization methods applied to renewable and sustainable energy: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2011, 15, 1753–1766. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Toledo, O.M.; Oliveira Filho, D.; Diniz, A.S.A.C. Distributed photovoltaic generation and energy storage systems: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2010, 14, 506–511. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sauter, R.; Watson, J. Strategies for the deployment of micro-generation: Implications for social acceptance. Energy Policy 2007, 35, 2770–2779. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dunn, S.; Peterson, J.A. Micropower: The Next Electrical Era; Worldwatch Institute: Washington, DC, USA, 2000. [Google Scholar]
- Kylili, A.; Fokaides, P.A. Investigation of building integrated photovoltaics potential in achieving the zero energy building target. Indoor Built Environ. 2014, 23, 92–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bonomo, P.; Chatzipanagi, A.; Frontini, F. Overview and analysis of current BIPV products: New criteria for supporting the technological transfer in the building sector. VITRUVIO-Int. J. Arch. Technol. Sustain. 2015, 67–85. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Designing Photovoltaic Systems for Architectural Integration. Available online: http://task41.iea-shc.org/data/sites/1/publications/task41A3-2-Designing-Photovoltaic-Systems-for-Architectural-Integration.pdf (accessed on 1 April 2018).
- Montoro, D.F.; Vanbuggenhout, P.; Ciesielska, J. Building Integrated Photovoltaics: An Overview of the Existing Products and Their Fields of Application; Report Prepared in the Framework of the European Funded Project; SUNRISE: Saskatoon, SK, Canada, 2011. [Google Scholar]
- Heinstein, P.; Ballif, C.; Perret-Aebi, L.-E. Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): Review, potentials, barriers and myths. Green 2013, 3, 125–156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Energy Systems in Architecture-Integration Criteria and Guidelines. Available online: https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/197097/files/T41DA2-Solar-Energy-Systems-in-Architecture-28March20131.pdf (accessed on 1 April 2018).
- Jelle, B.P.; Breivik, C.; Røkenes, H.D. Building integrated photovoltaic products: A state-of-the-art review and future research opportunities. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2012, 100, 69–96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Scognamiglio, A.; Farkas, K.; Frontini, F.; Maturi, L. Architectural quality and photovoltaic products. In Proceedings of the 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition (EU PVSEC), Frankfurt, Germany, 24–28 September 2012; pp. 24–28. [Google Scholar]
- Thomas, R. What are photovoltaics? In Photovoltaics and Architecture; Taylor & Francis: London, UK, 2003; pp. 18–28. [Google Scholar]
- Morton, O. Solar Energy: A New Day Dawning? Silicon Valley Sunrise; Nature Publishing Group: London, UK, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Lewis, N.S.; Nocera, D.G. Powering the planet: Chemical challenges in solar energy utilization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103, 15729–15735. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Bakos, G.C.; Soursos, M.; Tsagas, N.F. Technoeconomic assessment of a building-integrated PV system for electrical energy saving in residential sector. Energy Build. 2003, 35, 757–762. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sharples, S.; Radhi, H. Assessing the technical and economic performance of building integrated photovoltaics and their value to the GCC society. Renew. Energy 2013, 55, 150–159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Timilsina, G.R.; Kurdgelashvili, L.; Narbel, P.A. Solar energy: Markets, economics and policies. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2012, 16, 449–465. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Van Sark, W.G.J.H.M.; Arancon, S.; Weiss, I.; Tabakovic, M.; Fechner, H.; Louwen, A.; Georghiou, G.; Makrides, G. Development of BIPV courseware for students and professionals: The Dem4BIPV Project. In Proceedings of the 33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 28 September 2017; pp. 2895–2899. [Google Scholar]
- Sawin, J. Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century Renewables 2017 Global Status Report; REN21 Secretariat: Paris, France, 2017; pp. 1–302. [Google Scholar]
- IEA PVPS. Snapshot of Global Photovoltaic Markets; Report IEA PVPS T1-31. 2017. Available online: http://www.iea-pvps.org/fileadmin/dam/public/report/statistics/IEA-PVPS_-_A_Snapshot_of_Global_PV_-_1992-2016__1_.pdf (accessed on 1 April 2018).
- Ritzen, M.; Reijenga, T.; El Gammal, A.; Warneryd, M.; Sprenger, W.; Rose-Wilson, H.; Payet, J.; Morreau, V.; Boddaert, S. IEA-PVPS Task 15: Enabling Framework for BIPV Acceleration (IEA-PVPS). In Proceedings of the 48th IEA PVPS Executive Commitee Meeting, Vienna, Austria, 15–16 November 2016; Volume 16. [Google Scholar]
- Prieto, A.; Knaack, U.; Auer, T.; Klein, T. Solar façades-Main barriers for widespread façade integration of solar technologies. J. Façade Des. Eng. 2017, 5, 51–62. [Google Scholar]
- Tabakovic, M.; Fechner, H.; Van Sark, W.; Louwen, A.; Georghiou, G.; Makrides, G.; Loucaidou, E.; Ioannidou, M.; Weiss, I.; Arancon, S. Status and outlook for building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) in relation to educational needs in the BIPV sector. Energy Procedia 2017, 111, 993–999. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Goh, K.C.; Goh, H.H.; Yap, A.B.K.; Masrom, M.A.N.; Mohamed, S. Barriers and drivers of Malaysian BIPV application: Perspective of developers. Procedia Eng. 2017, 180, 1585–1595. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, R.J.; Zou, P.X. Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): Costs, benefits, risks, barriers and improvement strategy. Int. J. Constr. Manag. 2016, 16, 39–53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Karakaya, E.; Sriwannawit, P. Barriers to the adoption of photovoltaic systems: The state of the art. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2015, 49, 60–66. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yang, R.J. Overcoming technical barriers and risks in the application of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): Hardware and software strategies. Autom. Constr. 2015, 51, 92–102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mousa, O. BIPV/BAPV Barriers to Adoption: Architects’ Perspectives from Canada and the United States. Master’s Thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Azadian, F.; Radzi, M.A.M. A general approach toward building integrated photovoltaic systems and its implementation barriers: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2013, 22, 527–538. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Koinegg, J.; Brudermann, T.; Posch, A.; Mrotzek, M. It Would Be a Shame if We Did Not Take Advantage of the Spirit of the Times.... An Analysis of Prospects and Barriers of Building Integrated Photovoltaics. GAIA-Ecol. Perspect. Sci. Soc. 2013, 22, 39–45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Probst, M.M.; Roecker, C. Criteria for architectural integration of active solar systems IEA Task 41, Subtask A. Energy Procedia 2012, 30, 1195–1204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taleb, H.M.; Pitts, A.C. The potential to exploit use of building-integrated photovoltaics in countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Renew. Energy 2009, 34, 1092–1099. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Attoye, D.E.; Tabet Aoul, K.A.; Hassan, A. A Review on Building Integrated Photovoltaic Façade Customization Potentials. Sustainability 2017, 9, 2287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017; IRENA: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Nejat, P.; Jomehzadeh, F.; Taheri, M.M.; Gohari, M.; Majid, M.Z.A. A global review of energy consumption, CO2 emissions and policy in the residential sector (with an overview of the top ten CO2 emitting countries). Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2015, 43, 843–862. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- World Energy Council (WEC). World Energy Resources 2013 Survey; World Energy Council: London, UK, 2013. [Google Scholar]
- A Call to Action: Buildings Key to Corporate Sustainability. Available online: https://www.environmentalleader.com/2008/09/a-call-to-action-buildings-key-to-corporate-sustainability/ (accessed on 20 August 2018).
- Hagemann, I.B. Examples of successful architectural integration of PV: Germany. Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 2004, 12, 461–470. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Blessing, L.T.; Chakrabarti, A. DRM, a Design Research Methodology; Springer Science & Business Media: New York, NY, USA, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Yin, R.K. Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods; Sage Publications: London, UK, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Eisenhardt, K.M.; Graebner, M.E. Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Acad. Manag. J. 2007, 50, 25–32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stigka, E.K.; Paravantis, J.A.; Mihalakakou, G.K. Social acceptance of renewable energy sources: A review of contingent valuation applications. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2014, 32, 100–106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hansen, J.P.; Narbel, P.A.; Aksnes, D.L. Limits to growth in the renewable energy sector. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2017, 70, 769–774. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kabir, E.; Kumar, P.; Kumar, S.; Adelodun, A.A.; Kim, K.-H. Solar energy: Potential and future prospects. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2018, 82, 894–900. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hernandez, R.R.; Easter, S.B.; Murphy-Mariscal, M.L.; Maestre, F.T.; Tavassoli, M.; Allen, E.B.; Barrows, C.W.; Belnap, J.; Ochoa-Hueso, R.; Ravi, S. Environmental impacts of utility-scale solar energy. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2014, 29, 766–779. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Singh, G.K. Solar power generation by PV (photovoltaic) technology: A review. Energy 2013, 53, 1–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kandpal, T.C.; Broman, L. Renewable energy education: A global status review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2014, 34, 300–324. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Strantzali, E.; Aravossis, K. Decision making in renewable energy investments: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2016, 55, 885–898. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Panwar, N.L.; Kaushik, S.C.; Kothari, S. Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2011, 15, 1513–1524. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thirugnanasambandam, M.; Iniyan, S.; Goic, R. A review of solar thermal technologies. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2010, 14, 312–322. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bazilian, M.; Onyeji, I.; Liebreich, M.; MacGill, I.; Chase, J.; Shah, J.; Gielen, D.; Arent, D.; Landfear, D.; Zhengrong, S. Re-considering the economics of photovoltaic power. Renew. Energy 2013, 53, 329–338. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Solangi, K.H.; Islam, M.R.; Saidur, R.; Rahim, N.A.; Fayaz, H. A review on global solar energy policy. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2011, 15, 2149–2163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kannan, N.; Vakeesan, D. Solar energy for future world—A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2016, 62, 1092–1105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khan, J.; Arsalan, M.H. Solar power technologies for sustainable electricity generation—A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2016, 55, 414–425. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hafez, A.Z.; Soliman, A.; El-Metwally, K.A.; Ismail, I.M. Tilt and azimuth angles in solar energy applications—A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2017, 77, 147–168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lewis, N.S. Research opportunities to advance solar energy utilization. Science 2016, 351, aad1920. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sampaio, P.G.V.; González, M.O.A. Photovoltaic solar energy: Conceptual framework. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2017, 74, 590–601. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Parida, B.; Iniyan, S.; Goic, R. A review of solar photovoltaic technologies. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2011, 15, 1625–1636. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jäger-Waldau, A. European Photovoltaics in world wide comparison. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 2006, 352, 1922–1927. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Feltrin, A.; Freundlich, A. Material considerations for terawatt level deployment of photovoltaics. Renew. Energy 2008, 33, 180–185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Luthander, R.; Widén, J.; Nilsson, D.; Palm, J. Photovoltaic self-consumption in buildings: A review. Appl. Energy 2015, 142, 80–94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zomer, CD.; Costa, M.R.; Nobre, A.; Rüther, R. Performance compromises of building-integrated and building-applied photovoltaics (BIPV and BAPV) in Brazilian airports. Energy Build. 2013, 66, 607–615. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sahin, I. Detailed review of Rogers’ diffusion of innovations theory and educational technology-related studies based on Rogers’ theory. Turk. Online J. Educ. Technol. 2006, 5, 14–23. [Google Scholar]
- Rogers, E.M. Diffusion of Innovations, 5th ed.; A Division of Macmillan Publishing Co Inc.: New York, NY, USA; Free Press: New York, NY, USA, 2003. [Google Scholar]
- Wisdom, J.P.; Chor, K.H.B.; Hoagwood, K.E.; Horwitz, S.M. Innovation adoption: A review of theories and constructs. Adm. Policy Ment. Health Ment. Health Serv. Res. 2014, 41, 480–502. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yin, R.K. Discovering the future of the case study. Method in evaluation research. Eval. Pract. 1994, 15, 283–290. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Eisenhardt, K.M. Better stories and better constructs: The case for rigor and comparative logic. Acad. Manag. Rev. 1991, 16, 620–627. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shakir, M. The Selection of Case Studies: Strategies and Their Applications to IS Implementation Case Studies; Massey University: Palmerston North, New Zealand, 2002. [Google Scholar]
- Siggelkow, N. Persuasion with case studies. Acad. Manag. J. 2007, 50, 20–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- The Communication Process. Available online: https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/197100/files/T41C1-CommunicationsGuide-2012.pdf (accessed on 1 April 2018).
- Espeche, J.M.; Noris, F.; Lennard, Z.; Challet, S.; Machado, M. PVSITES: Building-integrated photovoltaic technologies and systems for large-scale market deployment. Multidiscip. Digit. Publ. Inst. Proc. 2017, 1, 690. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Femenías, P.; Thuvander, L.; Gustafsson, A.; Park, S.; Kovacs, P. Improving the market up-take of energy producing solar shading: A communication model to discuss preferences for architectural integration across different professions. In Proceedings of the 9th Nordic Conference on Construction Economics and Organization, Göteborg, Sweden, 13–14 June 2017; Volume 13, p. 140. [Google Scholar]
- PVSITES Project. BIPV Demo Sites. Available online: http://www.pvsites.eu/project/demo-sites/ (accessed on 20 August 2018).
- Parris, T.M.; Kates, R.W. Characterizing and measuring sustainable development. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2003, 28, 559–586. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Beccali, M.; Cellura, M.; Mistretta, M. Decision-making in energy planning. Application of the Electre method at regional level for the diffusion of renewable energy technology. Renew. Energy 2003, 28, 2063–2087. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Terrados, J.; Almonacid, G.; PeRez-Higueras, P. Proposal for a combined methodology for renewable energy planning. Application to a Spanish region. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2009, 13, 2022–2030. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Disley, Y.P. Sustainable development goals for people and planet. Nature 2013, 495, 305–307. [Google Scholar]
- Kumar, A.; Sah, B.; Singh, A.R.; Deng, Y.; He, X.; Kumar, P.; Bansal, R.C. A review of multi criteria decision making (MCDM) towards sustainable renewable energy development. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2017, 69, 596–609. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- The Future of Sustainability: Re-thinking Environment and Development in the Twenty-first Century. Available online: https://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/iucn_future_of_sustanability.pdf (accessed on 1 April 2018).
- United Nations. World Summit Outcome. Available online: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/ods/A-RES-60-1-E.pdf (accessed on 1 April 2018).
- Robert, K.W.; Parris, T.M.; Leiserowitz, A.A. What is sustainable development? Goals, indicators, values, and practice. Environ. Sci. Policy Sustain. Dev. 2005, 47, 8–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Attoye, D.E.; Tabet Aoul, K.A.; Hassan, A. Development of A Building Integrated Photovoltaics—Mass Custom Housing. In Proceedings of the 5th Zero Energy Mass Custom Homes International Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 20–23 December 2016; pp. 142–152. [Google Scholar]
- International Standards Organization. ISO 9241-210: Ergonomics of Human System Interaction-Part 210: Human-Centred Design for Interactive Systems; International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Geneva, Switzerland, 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Hassenzahl, M.; Tractinsky, N. User experience-a research agenda. Behav. Inf. Technol. 2006, 25, 91–97. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baetens, R.; De Coninck, R.; Van Roy, J.; Verbruggen, B.; Driesen, J.; Helsen, L.; Saelens, D. Assessing electrical bottlenecks at feeder level for residential net zero-energy buildings by integrated system simulation. Appl. Energy 2012, 96, 74–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Al Dakheel, J.; Tabet Aoul, K.; Hassan, A. Enhancing Green Building Rating of a School under the Hot Climate of UAE; Renewable Energy Application and System Integration. Energies 2018, 11, 2465. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nagy, Z.; Svetozarevic, B.; Jayathissa, P.; Begle, M.; Hofer, J.; Lydon, G.; Willmann, A.; Schlueter, A. The adaptive solar facade: From concept to prototypes. Front. Arch. Res. 2016, 5, 143–156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Valckenborg, R.M.E.; van der Wall, W.; Folkerts, W.; Hensen, J.L.M.; de Vries, A. Zigzag Structure in Façade Optimizes PV Yield While Aesthetics are Preserved. In Proceedings of the 32nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Munich, Germany, 20–24 June 2016; European Commission: Brussels, Belgium; pp. 647–650. [Google Scholar]
- Adekunle, T.O. Autonomous Living: An Eco-social Perspective. Int. J. Constr. Environ. 2015, 6, 1–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Questions/Variables | Number of Respondents | Mean | Standard Deviation | Sample Variance | Level of Confidence at 95% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1: Do you know the benefits of using solar energy for electricity? Note: 1—Yes, 2—No | 69 | 1.0435 | 0.02473 | 0.0422 | p < 0.05 |
Q2: Will you like to know these benefits? Note: 1—Yes; 2—No | 69 | 1.9565 | 0.02054 | 0.04219 | p < 0.05 |
Q3: Which of these benefits is most important to you when deciding to use solar energy for electricity? (You can select more than one) | 69 | 7.4559 | 0.4377 | 13.0279 | The overall p-value is greater than 0.05 |
Note: Q3: 1–Helping the environment; 2–Better building design; 3–Saving money; 4–Higher social status and values; 5–All of the above; 6–Other reasons; 7–Helping the environment; Saving money; 8–Better building design; Saving money; 9–Helping the environment; Better building design; Saving money; 10–Helping the environment; Better building design; Other reasons; 11–Saving money; Other reasons; 12–Helping the environment; Other reasons; 13–Helping the environment; Better building design; 14–Helping the environment; Saving money; All of the above; 15–Helping the environment; Saving money; Other reasons |
Checklist | Yes | No | Remark | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Provide accessible information about BIPV benefits and risks [74,75] | The approach can be used to highlight BIPV benefits as well as benefits of RES, solar and PV. The information provided can also be used to assess and compare with other sources of energy to develop a comparative or risk assessment plan. | ||
2. | Convince clients to request BIPV [74,75] | The approach is based on a theoretical background which advances communication as a means to advance adoption. It also provides information which can be used to inform and educate clients on the merits of BIPV adoption. | ||
3. | Anchor solar energy strategies within the project [74] | To enhance understanding and representation of solar energy strategies, the approach anchors BIPV within a specific context for each proposal. It starts out general but ends with very explicit information on the project proposal. | ||
4. | Maximize tools or models for communication [74,76] | With a simple tabulated interface, the approach drives communication which is guided by a sequential presentation of relevant facts. Adapting this format to a digital interface is the next phase of its implementation. | ||
5. | Apply a continuous communication process [74] | By addressing multiple concerns; environmental, economic, social and design, the approach covers the various aspects of building design from conceptualization to completion. The matrix format may also guide review during iterative changes in the proposal as it shows hierarchy and relationship between columns and rows | ||
6. | Utilize high impact demonstration projects [75] | Although the approach can be applied to a wide range of projects including small, medium and large-scale; it does not directly represent a demonstration project. | ||
7. | Apply a multi-disciplinary communication tool [75,76] | Drawing from the multi-disciplinary nature of the BIPV technology, the approach attempts to show aspects and concerns of interacting disciplines. This can aid team building and brainstorming, and validate the need for each professional within the team. | ||
8. | Ratio of Energy [47] | The approach can assist to present a relative comparison between energy generated from BIPV and other energy sources to aid decision making and investment | ||
9. | Local context emphasis [50,75] | The primary focus of the cells relating to the BIPV system is specifically and locally contextualized to the project under review. The information can be used to compare various projects and inform management decisions | ||
10. | Balance between economic, technical and environmental considerations [45] | By using the pillars of sustainability as a driving concept, the approach presents a balance between these interrelated aspects and suggests that extended input can be made to show specific data within each of these considerations. | ||
11. | Flexible and User-Friendly Methods [51,76] | The simple matrix format assists non-professional to understand technical information without complex presentation. It also clearly utilizes a symbolic vertical and horizontal format to suggest the relationship between these related issues to facilitate planning. |
Cells | Suggested Content |
---|---|
Cells 1 to 12 | BIPV Hierarchy 1 to 3 |
Cell 1: Environmental benefits of Renewables |
|
Cell 2: Economic benefits of Renewables |
|
Cell 3: Social benefits of Renewables |
|
Cell 4: Design benefits of Renewables |
|
Cell 5: Environmental benefits of Solar Energy |
|
Cell 6: Economic benefits of Solar Energy |
|
Cell 7: Social benefits of Solar Energy |
|
Cell 8: Design benefits of Solar Energy |
|
Cell 9: Environmental benefits of Photovoltaics |
|
Cell 10: Economic benefits of Photovoltaics |
|
Cell 11: Social benefits of Photovoltaics |
|
Cell 12: Design benefits of Photovoltaics |
|
Cell 13a–16a | BIPV Hierarchy 4: as an Energy Source |
Cell 13a: Environmental Benefits |
|
Cell 14a: Economic Benefits |
|
Cell 15a: Social Benefits |
|
Cell 16a: Design Benefits |
|
Cell 13b–16b | BIPV Hierarchy 4: as a Building Component |
Cell 13b: Environmental Benefits |
|
Cell 14b: Economic Benefits |
|
Cell 15b: Social Benefits |
|
Cell 16b: Design Benefits |
|
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Attoye, D.E.; Adekunle, T.O.; Tabet Aoul, K.A.; Hassan, A.; Attoye, S.O. A Conceptual Framework for a Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Educative-Communication Approach. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3781. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103781
Attoye DE, Adekunle TO, Tabet Aoul KA, Hassan A, Attoye SO. A Conceptual Framework for a Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Educative-Communication Approach. Sustainability. 2018; 10(10):3781. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103781
Chicago/Turabian StyleAttoye, Daniel Efurosibina, Timothy O. Adekunle, Kheira Anissa Tabet Aoul, Ahmed Hassan, and Samuel Osekafore Attoye. 2018. "A Conceptual Framework for a Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Educative-Communication Approach" Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3781. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103781