Urban Resilience Discourse Analysis: Towards a Multi-Level Approach to Cities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Evolution of the Resilience Concept
3. Systematic Mapping of the Literature
- Search for the papers in Scopus where some focused terms are present in the title of the papers. We made the selection according to three key expressions:
- Resilience and sustainability (242 articles)
- Urban resilience (596 articles)
- Regional resilience (174 articles)
- Then we extracted words (terms or expressions) from each of the selected papers, considering the entire abstracts of the papers. We removed meaningless words, grammatical forms and syntactic structures, trying to keep specific expressions. Then, we built the networks of terms appearing in the same sentences: Nodes are terms, links are co-occurrences between them. We then calculated the conditional distance between terms (We used Gargantext that is an open access software of the Institute of Complex Systems in Paris (URL: https://gargantext.org/)), which is an absolute measure that reflects the highest co-occurrences between two terms in the corpus. It highlights words’ centrality among other words, that is a complementary measure to the simple “occurrences” that means how many times each word appears in the texts.
- Selection of the words occurring more than five times;
- Application of clustering analysis detecting words that are more connected to each other (We used the Louvain cluster technique [39] with the Gephi open access software (URL: https://gephi.org/). The Louvain clustering technic is one of the most popular clustering technics applicable on weighted networks and is much faster than others (see [40])).
3.1. Resilience and Sustainability
3.2. Urban Resilience Discourse
3.3. Regional Resilience Discourse
4. Discussion of a Multi-Level Perspective to City’s Resilience
4.1. Integrating Urban and Regional Resilience Approaches
4.2. Definition of Cities’ Levels in a Panarchy Perspective
4.3. Evaluating the Three Level Adaptive Cycles and Their Synchronicity
4.4. Research Agenda for Cities’ Multi-Level Resilience
- -
- the relationship between adaptive cycles of its own economy (the diversity of its activities and their relatedness) with national and global economic adaptive cycles (if it is specialized on activities in crisis or their emergence),
- -
- and on the actors’ behavior in each city (their capacity to create positive answers to local failures).
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rogov, M.; Rozenblat, C. Urban Resilience Discourse Analysis: Towards a Multi-Level Approach to Cities. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4431. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124431
Rogov M, Rozenblat C. Urban Resilience Discourse Analysis: Towards a Multi-Level Approach to Cities. Sustainability. 2018; 10(12):4431. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124431
Chicago/Turabian StyleRogov, Mikhail, and Céline Rozenblat. 2018. "Urban Resilience Discourse Analysis: Towards a Multi-Level Approach to Cities" Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4431. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124431