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Sustainability
Volume 10
Issue 12
10.3390/su10124640
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Article

Effects of Tree Root Density on Soil Total Porosity and Non-Capillary Porosity Using a Ground-Penetrating Tree Radar Unit in Shanghai, China

by
Bingqin Yu
1,*,
Changkun Xie
1,
Shize Cai
2,
Yan Chen
3,
Yongpeng Lv
3,
Zulan Mo
3,
Tianlei Liu
1 and
Zhiwen Yang
1
1
Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2
Guangdong Poly Real Estate Development Co., Ltd, Guangdong 510308, China
3
Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200092, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2018, 10(12), 4640; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124640
Submission received: 23 September 2018 / Revised: 4 December 2018 / Accepted: 5 December 2018 / Published: 6 December 2018
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
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Abstract

To explore the relationship between arbor root density and corresponding physical soil properties (total porosity, non-capillary porosity, specific weight, bulk density, moisture content, and permeability), noninvasive methods such as Tree Radar Unit (TRU) were utilized to detect the root systems of 10 species of tree that are commonly used in Shanghai green spaces with more than 70% frequency of occurrence. Using TRU and soil investigation, root density and soil porous features were determined for different tree species, depth slices, and distances. The relationships among root density, soil porosity, and non-capillary porosity were identified using variance analysis and regression analysis. The results indicated that root density decreased with increasing distance from the trunk and soil depth. Soil porosity and non-capillary porosity had significantly positive and linear correlations with root density. Compared with lawns, trees such as Zelkova serrata, Koelreuteria paniculata, Cinnamomum camphora, and Metasequoia glyptostroboides had the greatest effects on soil improvement through soil porosity and non-capillary porosity. Due to the spatial distribution of root systems, trees could be divided into three types based on their influence at various soil depths.
Keywords: tree; root density; soil total porosity; non-capillary porosity; ground-penetration Tree Radar Unit tree; root density; soil total porosity; non-capillary porosity; ground-penetration Tree Radar Unit

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yu, B.; Xie, C.; Cai, S.; Chen, Y.; Lv, Y.; Mo, Z.; Liu, T.; Yang, Z. Effects of Tree Root Density on Soil Total Porosity and Non-Capillary Porosity Using a Ground-Penetrating Tree Radar Unit in Shanghai, China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4640. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124640

AMA Style

Yu B, Xie C, Cai S, Chen Y, Lv Y, Mo Z, Liu T, Yang Z. Effects of Tree Root Density on Soil Total Porosity and Non-Capillary Porosity Using a Ground-Penetrating Tree Radar Unit in Shanghai, China. Sustainability. 2018; 10(12):4640. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124640

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu, Bingqin, Changkun Xie, Shize Cai, Yan Chen, Yongpeng Lv, Zulan Mo, Tianlei Liu, and Zhiwen Yang. 2018. "Effects of Tree Root Density on Soil Total Porosity and Non-Capillary Porosity Using a Ground-Penetrating Tree Radar Unit in Shanghai, China" Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4640. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124640

APA Style

Yu, B., Xie, C., Cai, S., Chen, Y., Lv, Y., Mo, Z., Liu, T., & Yang, Z. (2018). Effects of Tree Root Density on Soil Total Porosity and Non-Capillary Porosity Using a Ground-Penetrating Tree Radar Unit in Shanghai, China. Sustainability, 10(12), 4640. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124640

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