Sorption Characteristics and Fraction Distribution Changes of Selenite in Soil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil Samples
2.2. Sorption Experiments
2.3. Sorption Models
2.3.1. Sorption Isotherm
2.3.2. Sorption Kinetics
2.4. Sequential Extraction
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Soil Characterization
3.2. Selenite Kinetic Sorption in Soil
3.3. Batch Sorption of Selenite in Soils
3.4. Selenite Desorption
3.5. Relationship between Sorption Parameters and Soil Properties
3.6. Se Fraction Distribution Change with Age
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Classification | a pH | a OM | a Fetotal | a Altotal | a Mntotal | a FeOX | a AlOX | a MnOX | a FeDCB | a AlDCB | a MnDCB | Se | Texture (v/v) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clay (%) | Silt (%) | Sand (%) | |||||||||||||
Inceptisol | |||||||||||||||
Baoding | 6.9 ± 0.2 | 0.059 ± 0.0031 | 2.8 ± 0.12 | 5.4 ± 0.24 | 318 ± 10.1 | 494 ± 21.1 | 392 ± 17.1 | 113 ± 8.45 | 546 ± 21.1 | 86.0 ± 6.85 | 148 ± 9.46 | 0.40 ± 0.008 | 5.50 | 39.9 | 54.6 |
Linqu | 6.2 ± 0.1 | 0.60 ± 0.025 | 2.3 ± 0.13 | 4.9 ± 0.16 | 236 ± 9.56 | 471 ± 15.9 | 417 ± 31.1 | 141 ± 11.2 | 486 ± 15.9 | 133 ± 11.1 | 135 ± 11.7 | 0.43 ± 0.009 | 4.41 | 33.1 | 62.5 |
Chongzuo | 6.3 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.14 | 3.9 ± 0.21 | 9.3 ± 0.45 | 113 ± 8.23 | 975 ± 36.7 | 603 ± 19.8 | 52.0 ± 3.1 | 1118 ± 87.6 | 205 ± 9.87 | 33.0 ± 1.98 | 0.57 ± 0.023 | 10.6 | 53.6 | 35.8 |
Alfisols | |||||||||||||||
Hefei | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 0.088 ± 0.0022 | 3.3 ± 0.18 | 2.5 ± 0.12 | 321 ± 15.2 | 354 ± 17.5 | 2340 ± 80.9 | 655 ± 31.2 | 617 ± 21.3 | 279 ± 18.8 | 209 ± 17.8 | 0.39 ± 0.014 | 21.9 | 45.0 | 33.1 |
Xuyi | 5.50 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.11 | 2.4 ± 0.15 | 6.0 ± 0.20 | 295 ± 14.1 | 203 ± 14.7 | 794 ± 65.2 | 191 ± 9.12 | 1673 ± 92.1 | 264 ± 19.7 | 229 ± 18.4 | 0.47 ± 0.029 | 36.9 | 53.8 | 39.3 |
Ultisols | |||||||||||||||
Yichun | 5.9 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.13 | 1.32 ± 0.085 | 7.7 ± 0.46 | 104 ± 7.35 | 485 ± 21.8 | 452 ± 36.4 | 25.0 ± 2.42 | 1178 ± 13.6 | 229 ± 13.5 | 26.0 ± 1.74 | 0.69 ± 0.007 | 20.1 | 66.6 | 13.3 |
Yichang | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.085 | 2.44 ± 0.14 | 6.5 ± 0.54 | 147 ± 6.89 | 233 ± 15.6 | 854 ± 42.7 | 67 ± 4.19 | 1998 ± 27.1 | 312 ± 21.1 | 86.0 ± 2.81 | 0.53 ± 0.011 | 6.90 | 51.2 | 41.9 |
Liuyang | 5.6 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.15 | 4.42 ± 0.25 | 5.9 ± 0.36 | 253 ± 12.1 | 278 ± 17.3 | 940 ± 59.6 | 127 ± 9.92 | 2104 ± 16.4 | 452 ± 16.9 | 84.0 ± 2.36 | 0.41 ± 0.018 | 5.80 | 56.9 | 37.3 |
Xiangtan | 6.4 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.32 | 2.81 ± 0.18 | 7.0 ± 0.29 | 232 ± 13.6 | 225 ± 9.12 | 1080 ± 76.9 | 113 ± 7.89 | 1208 ± 10.6 | 192 ± 8.46 | 107 ± 1.91 | 0.46 ± 0.016 | 5.40 | 39 | 55.6 |
Quanzhou | 5.9 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.052 | 2.77 ± 0.11 | 8.4 ± 0.37 | 287 ± 9.81 | 580 ± 24.1 | 1160 ± 87.1 | 203 ± 18.7 | 1146 ± 16.1 | 453 ± 23.8 | 138 ± 4.36 | 0.49 ± 0.019 | 5.00 | 39.4 | 55.6 |
Guiyang | 6.2 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.13 | 5.74 ± 0.29 | 14 ± 0.85 | 185 ± 8.97 | 480 ± 31.0 | 3560 ± 101 | 113 ± 5.16 | 913 ± 18.6 | 459 ± 29.1 | 46.0 ± 2.75 | 0.72 ± 0.012 | 9.60 | 49.6 | 40.8 |
Entisol | |||||||||||||||
Liaocheng | 6.7 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.097 | 2.55 ± 0.17 | 4.6 ± 0.31 | 274 ± 15.1 | 351 ± 19.2 | 294 ± 19.2 | 106 ± 4.98 | 429 ± 17.4 | 74.0 ± 6.98 | 127 ± 3.57 | 0.38 ± 0.014 | 5.00 | 35.8 | 59.2 |
Soil | Double Constant | Reversible Langmuir Kinetics | Pseudo-Second-Order Model | Elovich | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a# | b# | R2 | a1# | b1# | R2 | Qe# | K2# | h# | R2 | α# | K# | R2 | |
Baoding | 20.8 | 0.147 | 0.987 | 0.0287 | 0.0140 | 0.986 | 36.07 | 0.0259 | 33.7 | 0.998 | 1.01 × 103 | 0.264 | 0.969 |
Liaocheng | 17.5 | 0.0810 | 0.988 | 0.0310 | 0.0125 | 0.894 | 24.67 | 0.0437 | 26.6 | 0.996 | 1.69 × 105 | 0.659 | 0.904 |
Linqu | 21.6 | 0.151 | 0.888 | 0.0149 | 0.0174 | 0.922 | 36.19 | 0.0375 | 49.1 | 0.997 | 557 | 0.227 | 0.930 |
Hefei | 38.7 | 0.228 | 0.979 | 0.0110 | 0.0052 | 0.965 | 89.76 | 0.00667 | 53.7 | 0.998 | 229 | 0.0745 | 0.992 |
Xuyi | 55.7 | 0.158 | 0.947 | 0.0117 | 0.0164 | 0.964 | 99.61 | 0.00886 | 87.9 | 0.997 | 1.41 × 103 | 0.0858 | 0.942 |
Yichun | 26.1 | 0.221 | 0.963 | 0.0124 | 0.0506 | 0.958 | 60.17 | 0.00880 | 31.8 | 0.995 | 177 | 0.117 | 0.978 |
Yichang | 41.6 | 0.197 | 0.986 | 0.0066 | 0.0047 | 0.972 | 87.09 | 0.00729 | 55.3 | 0.996 | 449 | 0.0878 | 0.997 |
Liuyang | 84.4 | 0.180 | 0.969 | 0.0476 | 0.0038 | 0.898 | 160.7 | 0.00572 | 148 | 0.999 | 1.19 × 103 | 0.0479 | 0.988 |
Xiangtan | 23.1 | 0.325 | 0.984 | 0.0212 | 0.0083 | 0.961 | 80.06 | 0.00381 | 24.4 | 0.992 | 44.6 | 0.0637 | 0.973 |
Quanzhou | 30.6 | 0.144 | 0.961 | 0.0184 | 0.0193 | 0.953 | 51.25 | 0.0213 | 55.9 | 0.998 | 1.33 × 103 | 0.178 | 0.953 |
Guiyang | 32.0 | 0.263 | 0.984 | 0.0127 | 0.0109 | 0.949 | 86.41 | 0.00502 | 37.5 | 0.995 | 120 | 0.0713 | 0.988 |
Chongzuo | 32.4 | 0.217 | 0.991 | 0.0122 | 0.0250 | 0.960 | 74.43 | 0.00683 | 37.8 | 0.992 | 257 | 0.0993 | 0.981 |
Langmuir | Freundlich | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soil | K (L·mg−1) | QM (mg·kg−1) | R2 | 1/n | Kf ((mg·kg−1)(mg·L−1))−1/n | R2 |
Baoding | 0.460 | 50.7 | 0.993 | 0.351 | 18.3 | 0.973 |
Liaocheng | 0.0805 | 118 | 0.997 | 0.657 | 11.3 | 0.992 |
Linqu | 0.244 | 98.1 | 0.980 | 0.475 | 23.1 | 0.990 |
Hefei | 0.126 | 383 | 0.996 | 0.653 | 48.8 | 0.982 |
Xuyi | 0.177 | 361 | 0.997 | 0.591 | 61.3 | 0.982 |
Yichun | 0.311 | 216 | 0.991 | 0.471 | 56.8 | 0.990 |
Yichang | 0.392 | 276 | 0.993 | 0.456 | 81.8 | 0.988 |
Liuyang | 0.503 | 567 | 0.990 | 0.534 | 178 | 0.984 |
Xiangtan | 0.109 | 391 | 0.994 | 0.657 | 45.6 | 0.990 |
Quanzhou | 0.276 | 175 | 0.995 | 0.475 | 43.2 | 0.967 |
Guiyang | 0.216 | 320 | 0.998 | 0.553 | 63.5 | 0.982 |
Chongzuo | 0.263 | 261 | 0.993 | 0.507 | 60.3 | 0.965 |
QMAX | Kf | h | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Correlation Coefficient | p | Correlation Coefficient | p | Correlation Coefficient | p | |
pH | −0.563 | 0.057 | −0.675 * | 0.016 | −0.700 * | 0.011 |
OM | 0.598 * | 0.04 | 0.079 | 0.541 | 0.074 | 0.819 |
Fetotal | 0.455 | 0.137 | 0.422 | 0.172 | 0.261 | 0.412 |
Altotal | 0.256 | 0.422 | 0.08 | 0.805 | −0.195 | 0.544 |
Mntotal | −0.048 | 0.882 | −0.187 | 0.561 | 0.237 | 0.458 |
FeDCB | 0.678 * | 0.015 | 0.815 ** | 0.001 | 0.714 ** | 0.009 |
AlDCB | 0.601 * | 0.039 | 0.664 * | 0.018 | −0.012 | 0.970 |
MnDCB | −0.018 | 0.955 | −0.268 | 0.400 | 0.329 | 0.296 |
FeOX | 0.663 * | 0.019 | 0.804 ** | 0.002 | 0.676 | 0.016 |
AlOX | 0.317 | 0.315 | 0.188 | 0.559 | 0.543 | 0.068 |
MnOX | 0.148 | 0.645 | −0.073 | 0.822 | 0.187 | 0.561 |
Sand | −0.663 * | 0.019 | −0.498 | 0.100 | −0.442 | 0.150 |
Slit | 0.708 * | 0.01 | 0.560 | 0.058 | 0.522 | 0.082 |
Clay | 0.373 | 0.145 | 0.230 | 0.275 | 0.017 | 0.958 |
Model | Multiple Linear Equation | R2 | p | S.E. |
---|---|---|---|---|
The stepwise regression for QM | ||||
1 | QM = 0.176[FeDCB] + 71.8 | 0.459 | 0.0154 | 113 |
2 | QM = 0.130[FeDCB] + 37.5[OM] + 50.5 | 0.535 | 0.0319 | 111 |
3 | QM = 0.0338[FeDCB] + 9.30[silt] + 58.8[OM] − 311 | 0.846 | 0.00129 | 67.8 |
4 | QM = 0.0240[FeDCB] + 0.105[AlDCB] + 8.87[silt] + 57.5[OM] − 305 | 0.852 | 0.00400 | 71.2 |
The stepwise regression for Kf | ||||
1 | Kf = 0.0616[FeDCB] − 11.3 | 0.667 | 0.00123 | 26.1 |
2 | Kf = 0.0533[FeDCB] + 1.11[FeOX] − 52.9 | 0.721 | 0.00321 | 25.1 |
3 | Kf = 0.0454[FeDCB] + 0.847[FeOX] + 0.0709[AlDCB] − 50.6 | 0.752 | 0.00834 | 25.2 |
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Fan, J.; Zhao, G. Sorption Characteristics and Fraction Distribution Changes of Selenite in Soil. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072491
Fan J, Zhao G. Sorption Characteristics and Fraction Distribution Changes of Selenite in Soil. Sustainability. 2018; 10(7):2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072491
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan, Jianxin, and Guoliang Zhao. 2018. "Sorption Characteristics and Fraction Distribution Changes of Selenite in Soil" Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072491