Investigating the Factors Influencing the Decoupling of Transport-Related Carbon Emissions from Turnover Volume in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Literature Review of Decoupling Analysis for the Transport Sector
1.2. Literature Review of Factor Detection Analysis for the Transport Sector
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Methods
2.1.1. Transport Energy-Related CO2 Emission Estimation
2.1.2. Transport Decoupling Indices
2.2. Data Management
3. Results
3.1. CO2 Emission from Transport Sector
3.2. Driver Analysis of the Transport Decoupling Index
3.2.1. Decoupling for Railways
3.2.2. Decoupling for Road Transport
3.2.3. Decoupling for Waterways
3.2.4. Decoupling for Airways
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions and Policy Implications
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors and Year | Region | Period | Decomposition Subjects | Drivers |
---|---|---|---|---|
Schipper et al. (1992) [43] | 8 OECD countries | 1970–1987 | energy use, passenger | total travel volume, modal energy intensities, mode shares, vehicle activity, load factor, energy intensity |
Danielis (1995) [44] | Italy | 1975–1991 | energy use and energy intensity, passenger and freight | transport volumes, aggregate energy intensity, modal energy intensity, and modal mix |
Scholl et al. (1996) [36] | 9 OECD countries | 1973–1992 | CO2 emission, passenger | activity, structure, CO2 intensity, energy intensity, and fuel mix |
Kiang and Schipper (1996) [45] | Japan | 1965–1991 | energy use, passenger | activity, modal structure, and modal energy intensity |
Greening et al. (1999) [46] | 10 OECD countries | 1971–1993 | carbon intensity, freight | primary fuel emissions rate, sectoral fuel use share, sectoral energy intensity share, modal mix |
Kwon (2005) [47] | Great Britain | 1970–2000 | CO2 emission, car travel | population, per-capita consumption, and environmental impact per quantity of consumption |
Papagiannaki and Diakoulaki (2009) [37] | Greece and Denmark | 1990–2005 | CO2 emissions, passenger cars | vehicles ownership, fuel mix, annual mileage, engine capacity and technology of cars |
Sobrino and Monzon (2014) [48] | Spain | 1990–2010 | GHG emission, road transport | traffic activity, fuel economy and socioeconomic development |
Achour and Belloumi (2016) [38] | Tunisian | 1985–2014 | energy consumption, transport | energy intensity, transportation structure effect, transportation intensity effect, economic output, and population scale effects |
Feng et al. (2017) [39] | China | 1995–2009 | GHG emissions | GHG intensity, production structure, final demand structure, and final demand volume |
Luo et al. (2017) [40] | Shanghai and Tokyo | 1986–2009 | CO2 emission, urban transport | trip generation, mode shift, and technology level |
Edelenbosch et al. (2017) [41] | World | 2010–2100 | CO2 emission passenger transport | population, activity growth, modal structure, energy intensity, and fuel mix |
Fuel Type | Coal | Oil | Gas |
---|---|---|---|
Emission coefficient (unit: Mt C/Mtce) | 0.7476 | 0.5825 | 0.4435 |
Transport Mode | Highways | Railways | Waterways | Airways |
---|---|---|---|---|
Conversion coefficient | 5 | 1 | 3.03 | 13.88 |
Year | β | State | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990–1995 | 0.14 | −0.03 | −0.20 | −0.08 | 0.17 | 0.48 | relative decoupling |
1995–2000 | 0.10 | 0.37 | −0.52 | −0.82 | 0.19 | −2.03 | no decoupling |
2000–2005 | 0.14 | 0.09 | −0.28 | −0.03 | 0.18 | 0.08 | relative decoupling |
2005–2010 | 0.10 | 0.14 | −0.38 | 0.02 | 0.23 | 0.42 | relative decoupling |
2010–2015 | 0.38 | −0.44 | −0.64 | 0.00 | 0.32 | −0.69 | no decoupling |
Year | β | State | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990–1995 | 0.04 | −0.15 | 0.01 | −0.08 | 0.17 | 0.48 | relative decoupling |
1995–2000 | 0.11 | −0.18 | 0.01 | −0.82 | 0.19 | −2.03 | no decoupling |
2000–2005 | 0.08 | −0.14 | 0.00 | −0.03 | 0.18 | 0.08 | relative decoupling |
2005–2010 | −0.01 | −0.13 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.23 | 0.42 | relative decoupling |
2010–2015 | −0.19 | −0.52 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.32 | −0.69 | no decoupling |
Year | β | State | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990–1995 | −0.15 | 0.31 | −0.26 | −0.08 | 0.17 | 0.48 | relative decoupling |
1995–2000 | −0.11 | 0.88 | −0.83 | −0.82 | 0.19 | −2.03 | no decoupling |
2000–2005 | −0.10 | 0.42 | −0.37 | −0.03 | 0.18 | 0.08 | relative decoupling |
2005–2010 | −0.05 | 0.33 | −0.41 | 0.02 | 0.23 | 0.42 | relative decoupling |
2010–2015 | −0.03 | 0.14 | −0.82 | 0.00 | 0.32 | −0.69 | no decoupling |
Year | State | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990–1995 | −0.43 | 0.56 | −0.22 | −0.08 | 0.17 | 0.48 | relative decoupling |
1995–2000 | −0.30 | 0.60 | −0.36 | −0.82 | 0.19 | −2.03 | no decoupling |
2000–2005 | 0.03 | −0.03 | −0.05 | −0.03 | 0.18 | 0.08 | relative decoupling |
2005–2010 | −0.19 | 0.24 | −0.19 | 0.02 | 0.23 | 0.42 | relative decoupling |
2010–2015 | 9.40 | −1.12 | −0.16 | 0.05 | −3.65 | −0.69 | no decoupling |
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Jiang, X.-t.; Su, M.; Li, R. Investigating the Factors Influencing the Decoupling of Transport-Related Carbon Emissions from Turnover Volume in China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3034. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093034
Jiang X-t, Su M, Li R. Investigating the Factors Influencing the Decoupling of Transport-Related Carbon Emissions from Turnover Volume in China. Sustainability. 2018; 10(9):3034. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093034
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Xue-ting, Min Su, and Rongrong Li. 2018. "Investigating the Factors Influencing the Decoupling of Transport-Related Carbon Emissions from Turnover Volume in China" Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3034. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093034