An Exploration of the Cultural Landscape Model of Zhuge Village
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Relevant Literature on Sustainability
2.2. Early Literature of the “Eight-Sided Battle Formation”
2.3. Literature Related to Zhuge Village and Its Model
3. Method
3.1. Schema Cognition and Content Analysis
- (1)
- Interpret the research structure and process with landscape maps to give readers a clearer insight into the effective inference of this study.
- (2)
- Provide certain facts based on the information obtained from the fieldwork to fill the gaps in the literature. Draw the structure pattern of the “the eight trigrams array”, the topographical map introduced by the settlement, and the settlement landscape structure pattern with the image of the “Diagram of the Eight-Sided Battle Formation” as the imagery.
- (3)
- Try to simulate the three-dimensional space environment and construct the spatial pattern structure of the “Diagram of the Eight-Sided Battle Formation” landscape, in order to provide a reference model for future similar landscape space creation.
- (1)
- Analyze and discuss the landscape image of the dimensional system shaped by the “Diagram of the Eight-Sided Battle Formation”, and deeply understand that the overall environment does not only have a single spatial image, but includes many groups of images, overlapping and interrelated, and jointly constructing sustainable landscape features.
- (2)
- The construction of the settlement space landscape, centering on human settlements, mainly brings security to the residents in terms of space defense and spiritual security, and is closely related to the life and behavior of the residents, and jointly constructs a sustainable place spirit;
- (3)
- Integrate the spirit of the “the eight trigrams” of “the Book of Changes”: The development and change of the universe is not only the dialectical opposition of yin and yang, but also the integration of time and space. The cultural landscape model is based on Taiji and the eight trigrams patterns, and combines different landscape elements to form a mutually reinforcing, mutual responsive, and overall harmonious spatial relationship, and to construct a sustainably changing landscape.
3.2. Research Steps and Research Framework
4. From the Arrangement of Battle Formation in the Art of War to the Construction of Home
4.1. Introduction of the Eight-Trigram Village
4.2. The Diagram of the “Eight-Sided Battle Formation”
4.3. The Landscape Structure of “the Diagram of the Eight-Sided Battle Formation”
5. Analysis and Discussion
5.1. Analysis
5.1.1. Eight-Sided Formations of Zhuge Village
5.1.2. Cultural Landscape of Zhuge Village
5.2. Discussion
5.2.1. The Landscape Image of “the Diagram of the Eight-Sided Battle Formation”
5.2.2. The Landscape Activities of “the Diagram of the Eight-Sided Battle Formation”
5.2.3. The Landscape Change of “the Diagram of the Eight-Sided Battle Formation”
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- An orderly cultural landscape model could be entrusted with the human spiritual belief and creating the residential environment of “living and working in peace and happiness” for the settlers;
- (2)
- A unique spatial image could enhance the transition from human experience and wisdom to spatial construction, building up the harmonious relationship between human and nature, and create a sustainable living space.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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settlement | Zhuge Village |
origin | moving in in 1018 A.D. (the Song Dynasty) |
family name | Zhuge |
constructor | Zhuge Dashi, the twentieth-generation descendant of Zhuge Liang |
the construction concept | Referring to “the Nine Squares and the Eight Trigrams” to memorize Zhuge Liang |
the landscape order in the village | “Zhong Pond” in the center, surrounded by eight extending lanes in eight directions; all the buildings are placed in the positions of kan, gen, zhen, xun, li, kun, dui, qian. |
the landscape layout outside the village | eight surrounding small mountains outside the village form the outer Eight Trigrams |
the way of living | medicine, commerce |
the spiritual ideal | If they do not become good government officials, they will be good doctors. |
preservation | Zhuge Village boasts eight halls, eights ponds and eighteen wells. Now there are more than two hundred well-preserved dwelling houses and halls of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. |
4. the xun trigram: southeast, the formation of Wind coming out of the mountain, the formation of Cloud | 9. the li trigram: front, fire, the formation of Rosefinch | 2. the kun trigram: southwest, the formation of Earth |
3. the zhen trigram: left, wood, the formation of Green Dragon | 5. middle troops with a commander in the center, belonging to wood within the five elements and governing the eight trigrams | 7. the dui trigram: back, metal, the formation of White Tiger |
8. the gen trigram(the symbol of mountain): northeast, clouds | 1. the kan trigram: back, water, the formation of Turtle and Snake | 6. the qian trigram: northwest, the formation of Heaven |
Elements of Eight-Sided Formations | Inside the Village | Outside the Village | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eight Directions | Nine Palaces | Eight Formations | Inner Eight Trigrams | Outer Eight Trigrams | Eight Sights of Gaolong (八景) |
east | 震 zhen | 飞龙阵 flying dragon | Zhouji Hall | Taigong Hill | Nanyang Academy, |
south | 離 li | 翔鸟阵 flying bird | Dunhou Hall | Jingtanghou Hill | Gu Pond Bright Moon |
west | 兌 dui | 虎翼阵 tiger wing | Chongxin Hall | Mouse Hill | Yanshan Sunset |
north | 坎 kan | 蛇蟠陣 snake | Dagong Hall | Danyuan Hill | Shiling Auspicious Clouds |
northeast | 艮 gen | 云阵 cloud | Shangzhi Hall | Guotai Hill | Shuangjin Spring |
northwest | 乾 qian | 天阵 heaven | Huaide Hall | Shixia Hill | Cuiyou Morning Bells |
southeast | 巽 xun | 风阵 wind | Prime Minister Shrine | Leigu Hill | Qingxi Night Hulling, |
southwest | 坤 kun | 地陣 earth | Shangli Hall | Zuzhai Hill | Xiban Farming |
middle | 中 centre | 中軍 Middle troop | Taiji pond |
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Xu, L.; Chiou, S.-C. An Exploration of the Cultural Landscape Model of Zhuge Village. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3172. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093172
Xu L, Chiou S-C. An Exploration of the Cultural Landscape Model of Zhuge Village. Sustainability. 2018; 10(9):3172. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093172
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Li, and Shang-Chia Chiou. 2018. "An Exploration of the Cultural Landscape Model of Zhuge Village" Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3172. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093172