Soil and Water Conservation in Burkina Faso, West Africa
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Soil and Water Conservation Initiatives in Burkina Faso
3.1. Types of Soil and Water Conservation Measures in Burkina Faso
3.1.1. Half-Moons
3.1.2. Improved Traditional Planting Pits (Zai)
3.1.3. Stone Bunds
3.1.4. Agroforestry
3.1.5. Mulching
4. Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield
5. Effectiveness of the Soil and Water Conservation Measures
6. Factors That Affect Soil and Water Conservation in Burkina Faso
6.1. Migration of Work Force
6.2. Cultivation of Cash Crops
6.3. Land Tenure Security
7. Results and Discussion
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name of Initiative | Year of Implementation | Objective | SWC Measures Implemented | Area of Implementation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Agrarian Land Re-organization (ALR) | 1984 | Tenure security | Agroforestry (wind breaks), stone bund, zai | Nationwide |
Five-year Popular Development Program | 1986 | Environmental conservation, protection, and restoration | Stone bund, zai, half-moon and agroforestry | Nationwide |
National Program for Combating Desertification (PNLCD) | 1986 | Conservation of natural resources | Mulching, agroforestry, zai and half-moon | Nationwide |
Program Sahel Burkina (PSB) & Combating Desertification in Burkina Faso (LUCODEB) | 1992 | Restoration of soil and combat desertification | Zai and half-moon | Sahel and Sudan-Sahel |
National Program for the Management of Rural Areas (PNGT) | 1992 | Control and reverse the process of land degradation | Agroforestry, zai, half-moon and mulching | Nationwide |
Village Forestry | 1997 | Reduce excessive woodcutting and restore damaged eco-systems | Agroforestry | Nationwide |
SWC | Year of Implementation | Climatic Zone Commonly Found | Purpose |
---|---|---|---|
half-moon (see Section 3.1.1) | 1958 | Sahel and Sudan-Sahel | Collects run-off water and increase infiltration |
zai (Section 3.1.2) | 1980 | Some part of Sahel and part of Sudan-Sahel | Rehabilitates barren and highly degraded soils |
stone bund (Section 3.1.3) | Late 1970s and early 1980s | Sahel, Sudan-Sahel, and Sudan-Guinea | Water harvesting technique, reduces runoff and improves infiltration |
agroforestry (Section 3.1.4) | 1970 | Sahel, Sudan-Sahel, and Sudan-Guinea | Improves soil fertility and increase crop production |
mulching (Section 3.1.5) | Not known | Mostly in the Sudan-Sahel | Fertilizing the soil and attracts termites, which dig holes into the soil with the effect of increasing soil porosity and permeability |
Period | Type of SWCM | Town/Province/Region | Sorghum Yield (kg ha−1) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
2004–2006 | zai | Togou | 428–482 | [137] |
2006–2008 | zai | Leeba/Yatenga | 900–1200 | [58] |
2006–2008 | stone bund | Leeba | 700–1100 | [58] |
1984–2004 | half-moon | Northwest | 1400–2000 | [58] |
1986– | zai | - | 500–1000 | [138] |
1982–1984 | stone bunds | North | Increment of 100 annually | [70] |
1980–1988 | zai/stone bund/half-moon | North and Sahel | 600–700 | [82] |
1986–2000 | zai/half-moon | sahel | 1000–1500 | [85,100] |
1984–2001 | zai/stone bunds/half-moon | Centre-north/North | 611–793 | [71,73] |
1975–1985 | zai | Central plateau | 400–500 | [118] |
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Nyamekye, C.; Thiel, M.; Schönbrodt-Stitt, S.; Zoungrana, B.J.-B.; Amekudzi, L.K. Soil and Water Conservation in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3182. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093182
Nyamekye C, Thiel M, Schönbrodt-Stitt S, Zoungrana BJ-B, Amekudzi LK. Soil and Water Conservation in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Sustainability. 2018; 10(9):3182. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093182
Chicago/Turabian StyleNyamekye, Clement, Michael Thiel, Sarah Schönbrodt-Stitt, Benewinde J.-B. Zoungrana, and Leonard K. Amekudzi. 2018. "Soil and Water Conservation in Burkina Faso, West Africa" Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3182. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093182