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Sustainability
Volume 11
Issue 1
10.3390/su11010149
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Review

Exploring Marine Environments for the Identification of Extremophiles and Their Enzymes for Sustainable and Green Bioprocesses

by
Paola Di Donato
1,2,*,
Andrea Buono
3,
Annarita Poli
1,
Ilaria Finore
1,
Gennaro Roberto Abbamondi
1,
Barbara Nicolaus
1 and
Licia Lama
1,*
1
Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
2
Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
3
Department of Engineering, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143 Naples, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2019, 11(1), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010149
Submission received: 1 December 2018 / Revised: 19 December 2018 / Accepted: 22 December 2018 / Published: 28 December 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Modelling Techniques for Sea Environment and Sustainable Development)
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Abstract

Sea environments harbor a wide variety of life forms that have adapted to live in hard and sometimes extreme conditions. Among the marine living organisms, extremophiles represent a group of microorganisms that attract increasing interest in relation to their ability to produce an array of molecules that enable them to thrive in almost every marine environment. Extremophiles can be found in virtually every extreme environment on Earth, since they can tolerate very harsh environmental conditions in terms of temperature, pH, pressure, radiation, etc. Marine extremophiles are the focus of growing interest in relation to their ability to produce biotechnologically useful enzymes, the so-called extremozymes. Thanks to their resistance to temperature, pH, salt, and pollutants, marine extremozymes are promising biocatalysts for new and sustainable industrial processes, thus representing an opportunity for several biotechnological applications. Since the marine microbioma, i.e., the complex of microorganisms living in sea environments, is still largely unexplored finding new species is a central issue for green biotechnology. Here we described the main marine environments where extremophiles can be found, some existing or potential biotechnological applications of marine extremozymes for biofuels production and bioremediation, and some possible approaches for the search of new biotechnologically useful species from marine environments.
Keywords: extremophiles; extremozymes; biofuels; bioremediation; microwave; satellite remote sensing extremophiles; extremozymes; biofuels; bioremediation; microwave; satellite remote sensing

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MDPI and ACS Style

Di Donato, P.; Buono, A.; Poli, A.; Finore, I.; Abbamondi, G.R.; Nicolaus, B.; Lama, L. Exploring Marine Environments for the Identification of Extremophiles and Their Enzymes for Sustainable and Green Bioprocesses. Sustainability 2019, 11, 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010149

AMA Style

Di Donato P, Buono A, Poli A, Finore I, Abbamondi GR, Nicolaus B, Lama L. Exploring Marine Environments for the Identification of Extremophiles and Their Enzymes for Sustainable and Green Bioprocesses. Sustainability. 2019; 11(1):149. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010149

Chicago/Turabian Style

Di Donato, Paola, Andrea Buono, Annarita Poli, Ilaria Finore, Gennaro Roberto Abbamondi, Barbara Nicolaus, and Licia Lama. 2019. "Exploring Marine Environments for the Identification of Extremophiles and Their Enzymes for Sustainable and Green Bioprocesses" Sustainability 11, no. 1: 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010149

APA Style

Di Donato, P., Buono, A., Poli, A., Finore, I., Abbamondi, G. R., Nicolaus, B., & Lama, L. (2019). Exploring Marine Environments for the Identification of Extremophiles and Their Enzymes for Sustainable and Green Bioprocesses. Sustainability, 11(1), 149. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010149

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