Green Development Behavior and Performance of Industrial Enterprises Based on Grounded Theory Study: Evidence from China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Driving Factors of Enterprise Green Development
2.2. Enterprises Green Development Behavior
2.3. Enterprises Green Development Performance
2.4. Research Review
- (1)
- Related research of green development has achieved relatively mature results in the construction of the index evaluation system, but there are still deficiencies in the field of enterprise green development research. Relevant research is mainly distributed in the fields of corporate sustainable development, corporate social responsibility and green supply chain management.
- (2)
- The research on corporate environmental performance and corporate economic performance has achieved good results, but there are limited researches on other aspects of corporate performance, especially the theoretical research on the green development performance of industrial enterprises. Therefore, the measurement of the green development performance of industrial enterprises should include multiple dimensions such as economic performance, social performance and environmental performance.
- (3)
- Research on the green development of industrial enterprises has shown an upward trend year by year. At present, relevant research in China is not systematic and in-depth; the empirical research is especially scarce. The existing researches are mostly qualitative researches on the exploration of the factors affecting the green development of industrial enterprises, and there is currently no strong evidence. Compared with foreign countries, China has a large theoretical breakthrough space in this field. Although some foreign studies have made influential factors in the field of enterprises sustainable development, they cannot fully explain the factors and mechanism of the green development behavior in industrial enterprises.
3. Method and Data
3.1. Research Method
3.2. Data Sources
4. Result Analysis
4.1. Open Coding
4.2. Axial Coding
4.3. Selective Coding
4.4. Saturation Test
4.5. The Structure of the Analysis
5. Conclusions and Discussion
5.1. Conclusion
- (1)
- The green development of industrial enterprises exists in the organization in the form of specific behaviors, i.e., clean production behavior and green supply chain management practice.
- (2)
- The cause of corporate green development has led to the emergence of green development behavior in industrial enterprises. The external factors of green development of industrial enterprises are composed of three aspects: policy and institutional environment, market environment and public supervision. The internal factors of green development of industrial enterprises are composed of corporate tangible resources and corporate intangible resources.
- (3)
- The occurrence of green development behavior of industrial enterprises has led to the consequences of the green development of industrial enterprises, which is specifically embodied in the green development performance of industrial enterprises including corporate economic performance, corporate environmental performance and corporate social performance.
5.2. Management Implications
- (1)
- It is recommended that the government formulate some targeted guiding policies for the green development behavior of industrial enterprises with different performances. On the one hand, it is recommended to strengthen government subsidies, provide more preferential project reporting opportunities, and appropriately reduce the frequency of supervision for industrial enterprises that perform well in corporate clean production practices and corporate green supply chain management practices. On the other hand, for industrial enterprises that perform poorly in corporate clean production behavior and corporate green supply chain management practices, it is recommended to increase the fines, reduce project reporting opportunities, and increase the frequency of supervision.
- (2)
- In order to strengthen the normative nature of green development behavior in industrial enterprises, it is recommended that the government formulate some universal guiding policies. These policies include the following: Through the construction, reconstruction and expansion of some schools, regular training courses on green development behavior of industrial enterprises can be organized; Encourage the media to report on the green development behavior of industrial enterprises and increase the public concern about the green development behavior of industrial enterprises; Encourage industrial enterprises to cooperate with research institutes to declare some scientific research projects for the green development behavior of industrial enterprises, and establish a special research fund project management organization to manage these research projects.
5.3. Research Limitations and Future Prospects
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | No. of Participants | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Female | 22 | 42.31% |
Male | 30 | 57.69% |
Age | ||
21–30 years old | 5 | 9.62% |
31–40 years old | 16 | 30.77% |
41–50 years old | 19 | 36.54% |
51–60 years old | 11 | 21.15% |
61 years old or older | 1 | 1.92% |
Level of education | ||
Associate degree | 10 | 19.23% |
Bachelor’s degrees | 24 | 46.15% |
Master’s degrees | 6 | 11.54% |
Other | 12 | 23.08% |
Position | ||
Ordinary employee | 11 | 21.15% |
Middle-level cadre | 22 | 42.31% |
Senior leadership | 19 | 36.54% |
No. of employees in the company | ||
Less than 20 people | 4 | 7.69% |
20–300 people | 24 | 46.15% |
301–1000 people | 10 | 19.23% |
More than 1000 people | 14 | 26.92% |
Primitive Statement | Initial Concept | Initial Category |
---|---|---|
a1. From a business perspective, we must abide by the law and national requirements. a10. Environmental protection is becoming more and more strict with us, right? The national’s anti-pollution situation is very strict now, and national inspectors have been supervising. Now we often report the plan to headquarters, and headquarters leaders are very supportive of our work. | aa1. Government Regulation (a1, a10) | A1. Policy and Institutional Environment (aa1, aa2, aa3) |
a2. There must be policies for companies with ultra-low emissions. Because I have devoted a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources to improve the technology, and the government should extend different treatment to different enterprises and formulate policies. a12. The policy is so stipulated. I can’t control whether other people shut down their business. Anyway, I will guarantee that I will operate normally. | aa2. Policies and regulations (a2, a12) | |
…… | ||
a13. In order to enhance the competitiveness of the company, we are going to buy some more environmentally friendly equipment in the next three years, and we hope to do better in the treatment of waste gas and waste water. a16. At present, if we do not guarantee environmental protection and safety, the enterprise can hardly develop. Moreover, there is a problem with the survival of the company! Therefore, only by doing a good job in environmental protection and safety, there are opportunities for enterprise development. | aa4. Investor attitude (a13, a16) | A2. Market environment (aa4, aa5, aa6) |
a19. Many of our customers come from the wind power industry, and our products are also sold to some downstream companies. a21. At present, the market is basically stable, and some of products are sold to neighboring cities, because there are quite a few companies that use sintered bricks in those places. | aa5. Customer and consumer attitude (a19, a21) | |
…… | ||
a23. The bad environmental behavior of enterprises is often exposed and photographed by the media. a26. One TV show introduced the boss of a private enterprise, he was probably fined more than 80 million. | aa7. Media supervision (a23, a26) | A3. Public supervision (aa7, aa8, aa9, aa10) |
a29. As long as our company produces an irritating taste in the production process, residents will report it to the government. a31. If the residents report the facts, the government personnel can go to the scene to check. If there is indeed an odor on the spot, the residents are not false reports; if the residents report maliciously, I think they should be treated differently. | aa8. Resident supervision (a29, a31) | |
…… | ||
a25. The city government often visits our company, such as leading a meeting, attracting investment or asking the big bosses to visit here. After the promotion of corporate reputation, many people came to visit us. a29. Our company is pursuing sustainable development. We are not prepared to close the company after making money. This concept has received strong support from investors. | aa11. Corporate image performance (a25, a29) | A4. Corporate social performance (aa11, aa12) |
a33. Among the peers, our company gives higher treatment and higher stability. Therefore, workers prefer our company. a39. Since our company should do everything, there have been no similar complaints in the past two years. In addition, our company is doing a good job in all aspects. | aa12. Stakeholder evaluation (a33, a39) | |
…… | ||
a58. If the government asks our company to stop production, then the cost will be 15 million yuan per day. a67. Don’t talk about anything without economic benefits. If all the factories are shut down, everyone will not produce them, and the ecological environment will be restored soon. But in this case, how to solve the problem of eating? As the CEO of the company, economic benefits must be considered. However, under the overall policy situation, the economic benefits of our company must be concessions. a71. For companies, the first consideration is economic efficiency. Because companies without economic benefits cannot survive. | aa13. Operating cost performance (a58, a67, a71) | A5. Corporate economic performance (aa13, aa14, aa15, aa16) |
a52. I have to lose production. For example, we reduced production of more than 20 tons of cement from January to August last year. In fact, the survival of our cement enterprises depends on the amount, and the annual cement output of our factory is about 4 million tons. a63. The price of this type of brick is more expensive than the price of aerated concrete blocks because of its complicated production process and the high number of processes, resulting in high production costs. | aa14. Material cost performance (a52, a63) | |
…… | ||
a57. Sewage should be the main pollutant of our company, because all our production links are related to drainage. a64 The main pollutant of our company is dust, and nothing else. The production process of material injection is inevitably dusty. a73. For the fermentation industry, solid waste such as vinegar granules will be produced during the production process. | aa17. Waste water, waste residue, waste gas in industrial (a57, a64, a73) | A6. Corporate environmental performance (aa17, aa18, aa19) |
a59. We cause less environmental pollution, and the biggest problem at present is the pollution caused by dust. If we can solve this problem, our company will have no pollution problems. a69. The products produced by our company basically have no serious environmental problems. Unlike the steel smelting industries, we mainly complete the adjustment of product performance and produce some cutting-edge products. | aa18. Environmental risk (a59, a69) | |
…… | ||
a76. The measures of our company are actually similar to those of ordinary chemical companies, and they are done in accordance with the requirements of environmental protection. For example, the exhaust gas is absorbed and burned by activated carbon, and the final emissions are carbon dioxide and water. In order to meet government standards, we have deepened the wastewater. a83. We discharge the sewage into the sewage treatment plant where the sewage is concentrated and enter its pipe network. a87. We protect the environment in accordance with national standards. | aa20. Compliance behavior (a76, a83, a87) | A7. Clean production behavior (aa20, aa21, aa22, aa23) |
a85. For the green development of our company, on the one hand, it is to increase the investment in equipment and facilities; on the other hand, it is to invest in the employees in the factory, because the employees are the main body of the operation. a84. I can’t remember what kind of equipment I use. Anyway, I only know that our company has spent money of more than 50 million yuan in one time. | aa21. Purchasing behavior (a85, a84) | |
…… | ||
a82. The waste produced by our company is mainly vinegar residue. And there is a company comes to our factory to recycle vinegar residue as fertilizer. a95. Our company is now recycling resources and working with others to recycle block bricks and foam bricks. We have signed an agreement with the partner, who recycles our company’s waste and processed it into bricks. | aa24. Inter-enterprise resource recycling behavior (a82, a95) | A8. Green Supply Chain Management Practice (aa24, aa25, aa26, aa27, aa28) |
a88. The technology we use is the technology of a Beijing company. That is to say, we buy the technology of other companies. a94. We still need to rely on third parties to help us deal with these technical problems. | aa25. Inter-enterprise technology sharing behavior (a88, a94) | |
…… | ||
a91. The current state of our company is not too bad, and the most difficult part is the lack of funding. a96. From the perspective of business operations, first, I must ensure the stability of wages and the wages of employees will rise every year. If my business does not develop, how can I guarantee the salary increase of my employees? Second, I want to invest in return. From 2008 to the present, the cost of almost all resource elements is rising. If my company does not develop, how can it survive? | aa29. Capital capacity (a91, a96) | A9 Corporate tangible resources (aa29, aa30, aa31, aa32) |
a98. Our company lacks people who have been stable here for a long time. a109. Our company now has nearly 90 employees and an estimated one-third of them have a master’s degree. At least most people have a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree. Therefore, the talent pool of our company is very sufficient. | aa30. Human Resources (a98, a109) | |
…… | …… | |
a104. The daily inspection reports and disposal methods of our company’s production process will be publicized on the Internet. a107. Our company has security checks every year and employees are ensured regular medical checks. No problems have been identified so far, because in the production of sprayed materials, cases of occupational diseases have not occurred. | aa33. Corporate rules and regulations (a104, a107) | A10. Corporate Intangible resources (aa33, aa34, aa35, aa36, aa37, aa38, aa39, aa40) |
a105. Our company has research and development business. Up to now, we have applied for five invention patents. We are not only cooperating with universities for research and development. Since the customer has raised the need for research and development, we also cooperate directly with our customers. In the process of research and development, we follow the customer’s requirements step by step, and the final results are also very good. a121. Although we have encountered some technical problems, we can still solve them under normal circumstances. | aa34. Technical skills (a105, a121) | |
…… |
Category Connotation | Initial Category |
---|---|
Government regulation; Policies and regulations | Policy and institutional environment |
Investor attitude; Customer and consumer attitude | Market environment |
Supervision of community; Media supervision; Resident supervision; Supervision of non-governmental organization | Public supervision |
Corporate image performance; Stakeholder evaluation | Corporate social performance |
Operating cost performance; Energy resources consumption performance; Environmental cost; Material cost performance | Corporate economic performance |
Consumption for hazardous materials; Environmental risk; Waste water, waste residue, waste gas in industrial | Corporate environmental performance |
Compliance behavior; Brand Promotion; design behavior; Purchasing behavior | Clean production behavior |
Inter-enterprise resource recycling behavior; Inter-enterprise technology sharing behavior; Interfirm cooperation; Sharing product information across enterprises; Supplier adaptive behavior | Green supply chain management practice |
Organization; Capital capacity; Production equipment; Human Resources | Corporate tangible resources |
Marketing capability; Cognition level; Corporate rules and regulations; Types of ownership; Corporate image; Corporate culture; Manager’s attitude; Technical skills | Corporate Intangible resources |
Category Connotation | Main Category |
---|---|
Policy and institutional environment, market environment, public supervision | External factors |
Corporate tangible resources, corporate Intangible resources | Internal factors |
Clean production behavior, green supply chain management practice | Corporate green development behavior |
Corporate economic performance, corporate environmental performance, corporate social performance | Corporate green development performance |
Main Category | Core Category |
---|---|
External factors | The cause of corporate green development |
Internal factors | |
Corporate green development behavior | Corporate green development behavior |
Corporate green development performance | The consequences of corporate green development |
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Li, X.; Du, J.; Long, H. Green Development Behavior and Performance of Industrial Enterprises Based on Grounded Theory Study: Evidence from China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4133. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154133
Li X, Du J, Long H. Green Development Behavior and Performance of Industrial Enterprises Based on Grounded Theory Study: Evidence from China. Sustainability. 2019; 11(15):4133. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154133
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Xingwei, Jianguo Du, and Hongyu Long. 2019. "Green Development Behavior and Performance of Industrial Enterprises Based on Grounded Theory Study: Evidence from China" Sustainability 11, no. 15: 4133. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154133