“Seeing” or “Being Seen”: Research on the Sight Line Design in the Lion Grove Based on Visitor Temporal–Spatial Distribution and Space Syntax
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of the Case Study
2.2. Survey Method
3. Data Processing and Results
3.1. Basic Information of Participants
3.2. Preliminary Analysis of the Visitor Temporal–Spatial behavior Data
3.3. The Correlation between the Visual Characteristics and Visitor Temporal–Spatial Distributions in the Garden
3.4. The Cluster Analysis of Visual Features of 85 Spaces in the Lion Grove
3.5. Visual Characteristic Analysis of a Part Area in the Lion Grove
4. Discussion and Conclusions
4.1. The Intentional Visual Design Guides Visitor Behavior in the Lion Grove
4.2. Garden Planning and Management
4.3. Limitations and Insights for Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Statistical Results |
---|---|
gender | male: 50.42%, female: 49.58% |
age | under 20: 12.43%, 20–40: 87.29%, over 40: 0.28% |
education background | below high school: 5.08%, bachelor degree: 78.81%, graduate degree or above: 16.11% |
visiting times | first time: 93.22%, two times or more: 6.78% |
visiting motivation | to browse > to relax > cultural experience > curious > photography > other |
the rank of most attractive garden elements | rockeries > waterscapes > courtyards > hall buildings > plants > pavilions > galleries > leaky windows > furniture and furnishing > inscribed board and couplets |
the rank of satisfying factors | beautiful scenery > intact cultural relics > good cultural experience > environmental sanitation > reasonable fare |
the rank of unsatisfying factors | overcrowding > poor signage > not beautiful enough > potential safety hazard > expensive entrance tickets |
Revisiting Proportion | Average Speed | ||
---|---|---|---|
Visual Control (max) | Coefficient of association | 0.271 * | −0.298 ** |
significance (2 tails) | 0.012 | 0.006 | |
n | 85 | 85 |
Types of Visiting Routes | Quantity |
---|---|
from A22 to A21 | 1 |
from A22 to other areas except A21 | 183 |
from A21 to A22 | 3 |
from A21 to other areas except A22 | 36 |
total | 223 |
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Zhang, T.; Hua, W.; Xu, Y. “Seeing” or “Being Seen”: Research on the Sight Line Design in the Lion Grove Based on Visitor Temporal–Spatial Distribution and Space Syntax. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4348. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164348
Zhang T, Hua W, Xu Y. “Seeing” or “Being Seen”: Research on the Sight Line Design in the Lion Grove Based on Visitor Temporal–Spatial Distribution and Space Syntax. Sustainability. 2019; 11(16):4348. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164348
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Tiantian, Weicheng Hua, and Yannan Xu. 2019. "“Seeing” or “Being Seen”: Research on the Sight Line Design in the Lion Grove Based on Visitor Temporal–Spatial Distribution and Space Syntax" Sustainability 11, no. 16: 4348. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164348