Studies of a Rotary–Centrifugal Grain Grinder Using a Multifactorial Experimental Design Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design of a Rotary–Centrifugal Device for Grinding Grain
2.2. Description of a Multifactorial Experimental Design
- Grain was fed to the cumulative bunker of the experimental rotary–centrifugal installation with an auger conveyor and a frequency-controlled drive x1, with a power inverter-controlled electric motor, Hyundai N700-220HF (Seul, South Korea);
- The rotation frequency of the lower disk (Figure 2b) x2 was varied using a frequency-controlled drive with an electric motor controlled by an another Hyundai N700-220HF power inverter;
- The knives at the first x4 and second x5 stages of the upper disk (Figure 2a) were installed evenly, depending on the required quantity;
- To assess the impact of knife sharpening loss during operation, a factor of the technical condition of the knives x6 was introduced as an experimental variable; i.e., “new” knives with a given angle of sharpening χ = 24° and “old” knives that have a much larger angle of sharpening (unsharpened knives); i.e., imitating their bluntness;
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
References
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Factors | x1 (kg·s−1) | x2 (min−1) | x3 (mm) | x4 (pcs) | x5 (pcs) | x6 | x7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
−1 | 0.023 | 800 | 2.5 | 9 | 18 | “Old” ones | Present |
+1 | 0.038 | 1200 | 3.2 | 3 | 9 | “New” ones | Absent |
y1 | y2 | y3 | |
---|---|---|---|
p-value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Error d.f. | 20 | 18 | 20 |
Standard Error | 0.464976 | 0.001784 | 4.21375 |
R-squared | 0.9426 | 0.9564 | 0.9589 |
Optimization Factor | Goal | Sensitivity | Lower Level | Upper Level | Average Predicted Value | Lower 95.0% Limit | Upper 95.0% Limit | Goal Achieved |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
y1 (kW) | Minimize | Medium | - | - | 2.59 | 2.00 | 3.18 | 0.76 |
y2 (kg·s−1) | Maximize | Medium | - | - | 0.032 | 0.0303 | 0.034 | 0.86 |
y3 (%) | Minimize | Medium | 0.0 | 10.0 | −0.000022 | −4.91 | 4.91 | 1.0 |
Factor | x1 | x2 | x3 | x4 | x5 | x6 | x7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Specified value | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.057 | −1 | 1 | 1 |
Actual value | 0.038 kg·s−1 | 1200 min−1 | 3.2 mm | 6 pcs | 9 pcs | “new” knives | no insert |
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Marczuk, A.; Blicharz-Kania, A.; Savinykh, P.A.; Isupov, A.Y.; Palichyn, A.V.; Ivanov, I.I. Studies of a Rotary–Centrifugal Grain Grinder Using a Multifactorial Experimental Design Method. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5362. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195362
Marczuk A, Blicharz-Kania A, Savinykh PA, Isupov AY, Palichyn AV, Ivanov II. Studies of a Rotary–Centrifugal Grain Grinder Using a Multifactorial Experimental Design Method. Sustainability. 2019; 11(19):5362. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195362
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarczuk, Andrzej, Agata Blicharz-Kania, Petr A. Savinykh, Alexey Y. Isupov, Andrey V. Palichyn, and Ilya I. Ivanov. 2019. "Studies of a Rotary–Centrifugal Grain Grinder Using a Multifactorial Experimental Design Method" Sustainability 11, no. 19: 5362. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195362