Reflecting on Green Infrastructure and Spatial Planning in Africa: The Complexities, Perceptions, and Way Forward
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Research Methods
3. Results
3.1. Findings on the Notion of Green Infrastructure from a Local Perspective
3.2. Findings on Green Infrastructure Functionality in Local Context
3.3. Findings on Benefits of Green Infrastructure within Local Context
3.4. Findings on Long-Term Planning Strategies for the Local Context
4. Conclusions
4.1. Define and Interpret Green Infrastructure in Local Context
4.2. Enhance Functionality through Context-Based Planning
4.3. Contextualise Green Infrastructure Benefits through Value-Capturing
4.4. Structure Long-Term Planning Strategies that Consider Green Infrastructure as Integral Spatial Issue
5. Summary on the (South) African Contribution to the Academic Discourse on Green Infrastructure
Funding
Disclaimer
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Focus | Author | Level * | Year | N | Case study analysis | Community analysis | Expert analysis | Locality | Analysis | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Community perceptions | Veiga Cilliers | 2 5 | 2014/5 | 322 | X | Fleurhof, Johannesburg, SA | Cramer’s V-test | ||
2 | Proximity principle | Cilliers Cilliers | 5 | 2015 | 188 | X | Potchefstroom, North-West, SA | Analysis of variance (ANOVA) | ||
3 | Green drivers | Jacobs Cilliers | 2 5 | 2016 | 30 | X | X | Klerksdorp, North-West, SA | Frequency of use, descriptive statistics | |
4 | Green education | Huston Cilliers | 2 5 | 2016/7 | 40 | X | South African planners | Cramer’s V-test and cross- tabulations | ||
5 | Compensation hypothesis | Lategan Cilliers | 3 5 | 2016 | 224 | X | X | Bridgton/Bongolethu, Oudtshoorn, SA | Cramer’s V-test | |
6 | Green drivers | Cilliers | 5 | 2017 | 18 | X | SA, Lesotho, Sudan, Nigeria, Mozambique | Frequency of use, descriptive statistics | ||
7 | Green education | Thysse Cilliers | 1 5 | 2017 | 36 | X | South African professionals | Frequency of use, descriptive statistics | ||
8 | Community perceptions | Louw Cilliers | 1 5 | 2017 | 46 | X | Potchefstroom urban/rural areas, SA | Cramer’s V-test and cross- tabulations | ||
9 | Community perceptions | Gibbens Cilliers | 4 5 | 2017 | 204 | X | Griekwastad, SA | Cramer’s V-test and cross-tabulations |
Cross Tabulation | Question Reference | Number of Valid Cases (N) | Chi-Square Test | Cramer’s V-test Value | Cramer’s V-test Approx. Sig. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency of Green Infrastructure use per province | Q1 with Q12(a) | 39 (97.5%) | 0.239 | 0.439 | 0.239 |
Respective Green Space | N | Satisfied | Unsatisfied | Mean | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sport fields | 58 | 13.8% | 86.2% | 3.21 | 0.811 |
Play spaces | 59 | 16.7% | 83.3% | 3.24 | 0.858 |
Area | Zone | N (188) | R/m2 | (SD) | Effect Size | ANOVA | Kruskal Wallis | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 with | 2 with | (p < 0.05) | (p < 0.05) | |||||
Area A: Grimbeek Park | 1 | 14 | 798.20 | 153.97 | 0.022 | 0.005 | ||
2 | 14 | 953.12 | 244.06 | 0.63 b | ||||
3 | 13 | 974.76 | 76.13 | 1.15 c | 0.09 a | |||
Area B: Vd Hoff Park | 1 | 15 | 938.29 | 177.71 | 0.003 | 0.010 | ||
2 | 15 | 1105.07 | 193.00 | 0.86 c | ||||
3 | 13 | 1202.56 | 216.72 | 1.22 c | 0.45 b | |||
Area C: Potch Dam | 1 | 9 | 718.97 | 131.06 | 0.130 | 0.089 | ||
2 | 9 | 843.41 | 68.49 | 0.95 c | ||||
3 | 9 | 925.29 | 330.07 | 0.63 b | 0.25 a | |||
Area D: Heilige Akker | 1 | 10 | 1114.23 | 176.19 | 0.005 | 0.010 | ||
2 | 12 | 1413.52 | 257.52 | 1.16 c | ||||
3 | 14 | 1238.36 | 152.32 | 0.7 c | 0.68 b | |||
Area E: Owersig | 1 | 14 | 1079.50 | 190.48 | 0.055 | 0.061 | ||
2 | 14 | 1292.09 | 275.04 | 0.77 c | ||||
3 | 13 | 1120.30 | 264.15 | 0.09 c | 0.69 c |
Principles | Research Presented in This Paper | Findings |
---|---|---|
Concept | Misconceptions of Green Infrastructure [38,42,50] Needs relating to Green Infrastructure [41,50] | Define concept in African context Sensitize beneficiaries |
Functionality | Green compensation principle [31,48] | Context-based planning |
Benefits | Proximity principle [2] | Value capturing |
Long-term planning strategies | Green drivers [48,49,50] Green education [38,39] | Green Infrastructure as spatial issue Educational approaches |
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Cilliers, E.J. Reflecting on Green Infrastructure and Spatial Planning in Africa: The Complexities, Perceptions, and Way Forward. Sustainability 2019, 11, 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020455
Cilliers EJ. Reflecting on Green Infrastructure and Spatial Planning in Africa: The Complexities, Perceptions, and Way Forward. Sustainability. 2019; 11(2):455. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020455
Chicago/Turabian StyleCilliers, Elizelle Juaneé. 2019. "Reflecting on Green Infrastructure and Spatial Planning in Africa: The Complexities, Perceptions, and Way Forward" Sustainability 11, no. 2: 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020455