Uncertainty Study and Parameter Optimization of Carbon Footprint Analysis for Fermentation Cylinder
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Carbon Footprint Analysis of Beer Fermentation Cylinder
2.1. The Calculating Process of Carbon Footprint
2.2. Analysis of Carbon Footprint Calculation Results
3. Uncertainty Analysis of LCA
3.1. Uncertainty Analysis of Data List
3.2. Sensitivity Analysis of Data Lists
4. Optimization Design of Fermentation Cylinder Design Parameters
4.1. Experiment Design of Fermentation Cylinder Parameter Optimization
4.2. Regression Model of Fermentation Cylinder Parameters
4.3. Response Surface Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tool | Power | Other | The Attachment | Power |
---|---|---|---|---|
Inverter welding machine | 4800 w | Suitable electrode φ1.6-φ3.2 | motor | 1.5 w |
The dryer | 4–6 kw | Control the temperature + 5 − 250 | Yeast pump motor | 2.2 kw |
Air compressor | 3300 w | Displacement 300 L/min | Feed pump motor | 18.5 w |
Polishing machine | 3 kw | Speed: 2800/min | Mechanical and electrical filter | 3 kw |
Cutting machine | 7 kw | No-load loss 40 w | Additive motor | 80 w |
Rolling machine | 5.5 kw | Auxiliary motor power 3 kw | Cold output pump | 22 w |
Vacuum pump | 190 | Frequency 50 Hz | CO2 filter press with motor | 7.5 w |
Life Cycle Stage | Raw Material Acquisition Stage | Manufacturing and Assembly Phases | Trans-Port Phase GT | Use Phase GU | Recovery and Processing Stage GR | Total Carbon Footprint per Unit Fermentation Cylinder Gsum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbon footprint calculation results/(kgCO2e) | 1999.156 | 793.203 | 723.996 | 10,329.696 | −1161.233 | 12,640.098 |
Data Quality Fraction | Comprehensive Data Quality Index Values | Shape Parameter | Range | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | α | β | ||
0 ≤ R ≤ 12.5 | 1 | 5 | 5 | −10 | +10 |
12.5 ≤ R ≤ 25 | 1.5 | 4 | 4 | −15 | +15 |
2 | 3 | 3 | −20 | +20 | |
2.5 | 2 | 2 | −25 | +25 | |
3 | 2 | 2 | −30 | +30 | |
3.5 | 2 | 2 | −35 | +35 | |
4 | 1 | 1 | −40 | +40 | |
4.5 | 1 | 1 | −45 | +45 | |
100 | 5 | 12 | 1 | −50 | +50 |
List Data | Variable | Data Quality Indicator Value | Composite Data Quality Indicator Value | (α,β) | R Value | Range | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Material consumption | Stainless steel | X1 | (2,1,2,3,3) | 2 | (3,3) | 30% | (−20%,+20%) |
Paint | X2 | (2,4,2,3,3) | 2.5 | (2,2) | 45% | (−25%,+25%) | |
Welding wire | X3 | (2,4,2,3,3) | 2.4 | (2,2) | 45% | (−25%,+25%) | |
The energy consumption | Electricity | X4 | (3,4,1,2,2) | 2 | (3,3) | 35% | (−20%,+20%) |
Water | X5 | (3,5,1,2,1) | 2 | (3,3) | 35% | (−20%,+25%) | |
Carbon equivalent emissions | Stainless steel | X6 | (2,1,3,5,2) | 2.5 | (2,2) | 40% | (−25%,+20%) |
Paint | X7 | (2,1,3,5,2) | 2.5 | (2,2) | 40% | (−25%,+20%) | |
Welding wire | X8 | (2,1,3,4,2) | 2 | (3,3) | 35% | (−20%,+20%) | |
Electricity | X9 | (1,2,2,2,1) | 1.5 | (4,4) | 15% | (−15%,+15%) | |
water | X10 | (1,2,2,2,1) | 1.5 | (4,4) | 15% | (−15%,+15%) |
Variable | Mean Standard Error | Kurtosis | Coefficient of Variation | Variance | Skewness | The Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.01 | 4.67 | 0.0057 | 0 | −2.64 | 0.03 | |
0.01 | 1.57 | 0.0014 | 0 | −0.139 | 0.02 | |
0.01 | 1.63 | 0.0049 | 0 | 0.3244 | 0.06 | |
0.01 | 2.28 | 0.0039 | 0 | 0.0831 | 0.04 | |
0.01 | 2.61 | 0.0019 | 0 | 0.3129 | 0.05 | |
0.01 | 3.12 | 0.0005 | 0 | 0.4313 | 0.05 | |
0.01 | 3.27 | 0.0017 | 0 | 0.2617 | 0.03 | |
0.01 | 4.91 | 0.0006 | 0 | −0.3402 | 0.04 | |
0.01 | 3.06 | 0.0012 | 0 | 0.291 | 0.04 | |
0.01 | 2.51 | 0.0009 | 0 | 0.5421 | 0.03 |
Factors | Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficient | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
constant | 132.17 | 2.255 | ||
95.036 | 0.639 | 56.711 | 0.891 | |
6.549 | 0.325 | 13.336 | 0.456 | |
87.17 | 0.216 | 10.118 | 0.370 | |
61.223 | 0.069 | 6.549 | 0.275 | |
35.059 | 0.015 | 1.124 | 0.042 | |
0.512 | 0.018 | 2.217 | 0.131 | |
0.013 | 0.042 | 4.649 | 0.275 |
0.9524 | 0.086 | 0.2297 | 0.7259 | 0.7122 | 0.5781 | 0.0570 | 0.6627 | 0.4769 | 0.1521 |
Standard Deviation | Mean Value | Coefficient of Variation/% | Correlation Coefficient | Correlation Coefficients for Calibration | Prediction Correlation Coefficient | SNR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
83.28 | 1705.50 | 4.89 | 0.9290 | 0.8580 | −0.0371 | 5.882 |
Item | Sum of Squares | Freedom | Sum of Mean Squares | F Value | Pro > F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
The regression model | 261,200 | 14 | 18,653.75 | 2.69 | <0.05 |
Ratio of diameter and height A | 1078.82 | 1 | 1078.82 | 0.16 | <0.05 |
Cone Angle B | 16,205.28 | 1 | 16,205.28 | 2.34 | 0.1486 |
Wall thickness C | 3827.76 | 1 | 3827.76 | 0.55 | 0.4698 |
Density D | 41,174.71 | 1 | 41,174.71 | 5.94 | <0.05 |
AB | 2907.91 | 1 | 2907.91 | 0.42 | 0.5278 |
AC | 6618.64 | 1 | 6618.64 | 0.95 | 0.3452 |
AD | 52.42 | 1 | 52.42 | 0.0076 | 0.1320 |
BC | 918.39 | 1 | 918.39 | 0.13 | 0.7214 |
BD | 30,464.21 | 1 | 30,464.21 | 4.39 | 0.0547 |
CD | 3365.16 | 1 | 3365.16 | 0.49 | 0.4975 |
9510.95 | 1 | 9510.95 | 1.37 | 0.2611 | |
88,565.10 | 1 | 88,565.10 | 12.77 | 0.3228 | |
72.28 | 1 | 72.28 | 0.010 | 0.9201 | |
81,740.21 | 1 | 81,740.21 | 11.79 | <0.05 | |
residual | 97,092.41 | 14 | 6935.17 | 2.69 | 0.0372 |
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Zheng, H.; Xing, M.; Cao, T.; Zhang, J. Uncertainty Study and Parameter Optimization of Carbon Footprint Analysis for Fermentation Cylinder. Sustainability 2019, 11, 661. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030661
Zheng H, Xing M, Cao T, Zhang J. Uncertainty Study and Parameter Optimization of Carbon Footprint Analysis for Fermentation Cylinder. Sustainability. 2019; 11(3):661. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030661
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng, Hui, Meng Xing, Ting Cao, and Junxia Zhang. 2019. "Uncertainty Study and Parameter Optimization of Carbon Footprint Analysis for Fermentation Cylinder" Sustainability 11, no. 3: 661. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030661