Explorations of Charm Factors and Development of Fishing in Southern Taiwan Based on Miryoku Engineering and the Analytic Network Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Related Studies
2.2. Miryoku Engineering and Evaluation Grid Method
2.3. Analytic Network Process (ANP)
3. Research and Analysis
3.1. Interviews with Evaluation Grid Method
3.2. Focus Groups
3.3. Theoretical Model of Recreational Fishing Development in Southern Taiwan Based on Miryoku Engineering
3.4. Establishment of Relative Weights with ANP
3.5. Pairwise Comparison Matrix
3.6. Super-Matrix
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Abstract Factors
4.2. Miryoku Characteristics
4.3. Physical Characteristics
4.4. Management Strategy of Charm Factors and Fishing Development in Southern Taiwan
4.4.1. Environmental Sustainability
4.4.2. New Recreational Fishing Model
4.4.3. Convenient and Fast Fishing Mode
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Pairwise Comparison Matrices
S1 | S4 | S5 | |
S4 | 1 | 1 | |
S5 | 1 |
S2 | M5 | M6 | M7 |
M5 | 1 | 5 | 4 |
M6 | 1 | 2 | |
M7 | 1 |
S4 | S1 | S5 | |
S1 | 1 | 1 | |
S5 | 1 |
S5 | S1 | S4 | |
S1 | 1 | 1 | |
S4 | 1 |
S6 | M1 | M3 | |
M1 | 1 | 3 | |
M3 | 1 |
B18 | M1 | M7 | |
M1 | 1 | 6 | |
M7 | 1 |
B19 | B18 | B20 | B21 |
B18 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
B20 | 1 | 2 | |
B21 | 1 |
B20 | B18 | B19 | B21 |
B18 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
B19 | 1 | 2 | |
B21 | 1 |
B21 | B18 | B19 | B20 |
B18 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
B19 | 1 | 1 | |
B20 | 1 |
B13 | B14 | B15 | |
B14 | 1 | 2 | |
B15 | 1 |
B14 | B13 | B15 | |
B13 | 1 | 2 | |
B15 | 1 |
B15 | B13 | B14 | |
B13 | 1 | 3 | |
B14 | 1 |
B7 | B8 | B9 | B10 |
B8 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
B9 | 1 | 3 | |
B10 | 1 |
B8 | B7 | B9 | B10 |
B7 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
B9 | 1 | 3 | |
B10 | 1 |
B9 | B7 | B8 | B10 |
B7 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
B8 | 1 | 2 | |
B10 | 1 |
B10 | B7 | B8 | B9 |
B7 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
B8 | 1 | 2 | |
B9 | 1 |
B4 | B5 | B6 | |
B5 | 1 | 3 | |
B6 | 1 |
B5 | B4 | B6 | |
B4 | 1 | 2 | |
B6 | 1 |
B6 | B4 | B5 | |
B4 | 1 | 2 | |
B5 | 1 |
B1 | B2 | B3 | |
B2 | 1 | 3 | |
B3 | 1 |
B2 | B1 | B3 | |
B1 | 1 | 2 | |
B3 | 1 |
B3 | B1 | B2 | |
B1 | 1 | 2 | |
B2 | 1 |
M2 | B16 | B17 | |
B16 | 1 | 1 | |
B17 | 1 |
M3 | B13 | B14 | B15 |
B13 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
B14 | 1 | 2 | |
B15 | 1 |
M4 | B11 | B12 | |
B11 | 1 | 2 | |
B12 | 1 |
M5 | B14 | B15 | |
B14 | 1 | 2 | |
B15 | 1 |
M6 | B4 | B5 | B6 |
B4 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
B5 | 1 | 3 | |
B6 | 1 |
M7 | B4 | B5 | B6 |
B4 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
B5 | 1 | 3 | |
B6 | 1 |
S1 | S4 | S5 | |
S4 | 1 | 1 | |
S5 | 1 |
B18 | B19 | B20 | B21 |
B19 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
B20 | 1 | 2 | |
B21 | 1 |
B13 | M3 | M4 | |
M3 | 1 | 3 | |
M4 | 1 |
B14 | B13 | B15 |
B13 | 1 | 2 |
B15 | 1 |
B15 | M2 | M3 | M5 |
M2 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
M3 | 1 | 2 | |
M5 | 1 |
B7 | B8 | B9 | B10 |
B8 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
B9 | 1 | 3 | |
B10 | 1 |
B4 | M6 | M7 | |
M6 | 1 | 2 | |
M7 | 1 |
B5 | B4 | B6 | |
B4 | 1 | 2 | |
B6 | 1 |
B6 | M6 | M7 | |
M6 | 1 | 2 | |
M7 | 1 |
B2 | M6 | M7 | |
M6 | 1 | 2 | |
M7 | 1 |
M2 | M3 | M5 | |
M3 | 1 | 2 | |
M5 | 1 |
M3 | B11 | B12 | |
B11 | 1 | 2 | |
B12 | 1 |
M3 | B13 | B14 | B15 |
B13 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
B14 | 1 | 2 | |
B15 | 1 |
M7 | B1 | B2 | B3 |
B1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
B2 | 1 | 3 | |
B3 | 1 |
M7 | M1 | M5 | M6 |
M1 | 1 | 2 | 7 |
M5 | 1 | 6 | |
M6 | 1 |
M1 | S1 | S4 | S5 | S6 |
S1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
S4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | |
S5 | 1 | 3 | ||
S6 | 1 |
M1 | B18 | B19 | B20 | B21 |
B18 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
B19 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
B20 | 1 | 2 | ||
B21 | 1 |
M5 | B7 | B8 | B9 | B10 |
B7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
B8 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |
B9 | 1 | 3 | ||
B10 | 1 |
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No. | Nature | Education | Age | Fishing years | Average Weekly Fishing Times |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Fishing enthusiasts | Bachelor Degree | 35 | 9 | 3 |
2 | Fishing enthusiasts | Master Degree | 37 | 6 | 2 |
3 | Fishing enthusiasts | Bachelor Degree | 53 | 20 | 5 |
4 | Fishing enthusiasts | Bachelor Degree | 44 | 12 | 3 |
5 | Tourism Research Specialist | Doctor Degree | 40 | 10 |
No. | Affecting | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | S4 | S5 | M1 | |||||||||
S2 | M5 | M6 | M7 | |||||||||
S3 | M2 | |||||||||||
S4 | S1 | S5 | M1 | |||||||||
S5 | S1 | S4 | M1 | |||||||||
S6 | M1 | M3 | ||||||||||
S7 | M4 | |||||||||||
M1 | S1 | S4 | S5 | S6 | M7 | B18 | B19 | B20 | B21 | |||
M2 | S3 | M3 | M5 | B16 | B17 | B15 | ||||||
M3 | S6 | M2 | M4 | B13 | B14 | B15 | B11 | B12 | ||||
M4 | S7 | M3 | B13 | B11 | B12 | |||||||
M5 | S2 | M3 | B14 | B15 | B7 | B8 | B9 | B10 | ||||
M6 | S2 | M7 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B2 | ||||||
M7 | S2 | M1 | M5 | M6 | B18 | B7 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B1 | B2 | B3 |
B1 | B2 | B3 | M7 | |||||||||
B2 | B1 | B3 | M6 | M7 | ||||||||
B3 | B1 | B2 | M7 | |||||||||
B4 | B5 | B6 | M6 | M7 | ||||||||
B5 | B4 | B6 | M6 | M7 | ||||||||
B6 | B4 | B5 | M6 | M7 | ||||||||
B7 | B8 | B9 | B10 | M5 | M7 | |||||||
B8 | B7 | B9 | B10 | M5 | ||||||||
B9 | B7 | B8 | B10 | M5 | ||||||||
B10 | B7 | B8 | B9 | M5 | ||||||||
B11 | B12 | M4 | ||||||||||
B12 | B11 | M4 | ||||||||||
B13 | B14 | B15 | M3 | M4 | ||||||||
B14 | B13 | B15 | M3 | M5 | ||||||||
B15 | B13 | B14 | M2 | M3 | M5 | |||||||
B16 | B17 | M2 | ||||||||||
B17 | B16 | M2 | ||||||||||
B18 | B19 | B20 | B21 | M1 | M7 | |||||||
B19 | B18 | B20 | B21 | |||||||||
B20 | B18 | B19 | B21 | M1 | ||||||||
B21 | B18 | B19 | B20 | M1 |
Importance | Definition |
---|---|
1 | Equal importance |
3 | Moderate importance |
5 | Strong importance |
7 | Very strong importance |
9 | Absolute (extreme) importance |
2, 4, 6, 8 | Intermediate values |
M5 | B7 | B8 | B9 | B10 |
---|---|---|---|---|
B7 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
B8 | 1 | 2 | 2 | |
B9 | 1 | 3 | ||
B10 | 1 |
Factors | Normalized by Cluster | Rank | Limiting |
---|---|---|---|
S1 high stimulation | 0.051 | 5 | 0.009 |
S2 expectation | 0.339 | 1 | 0.060 |
S3 achievement | 0.099 | 4 | 0.018 |
S4 freshness | 0.051 | 5 | 0.009 |
S5 self-challenge | 0.051 | 5 | 0.009 |
S6 relaxation and fun | 0.294 | 2 | 0.052 |
S7 light burden | 0.115 | 3 | 0.020 |
M1 fishing fun | 0.179 | 3 | 0.097 |
M2 fishing changes one’s character | 0.104 | 6 | 0.057 |
M3 fishing for relaxation after work | 0.202 | 2 | 0.110 |
M4 fishing has the lower physical requirements | 0.121 | 5 | 0.066 |
M5 fishing fun with friends | 0.214 | 1 | 0.116 |
M6 good fish quality | 0.028 | 7 | 0.015 |
M7 good environment of fishing spot | 0.153 | 4 | 0.083 |
B1 fewer people and more space | 0.297 | 11 | 0.006 |
B2 no pollution | 0.532 | 2 | 0.010 |
B3 beautiful scenery | 0.172 | 17 | 0.003 |
B4 healthy wild fish | 0.327 | 10 | 0.006 |
B5 big fish | 0.190 | 16 | 0.004 |
B6 pollution-free fish with good taste | 0.484 | 4 | 0.009 |
B7 free conservation | 0.471 | 5 | 0.021 |
B8 take care of each other | 0.165 | 18 | 0.007 |
B9 high security rate | 0.269 | 12 | 0.112 |
B10 new friends | 0.095 | 20 | 0.004 |
B11 no exercise injuries | 0.583 | 1 | 0.025 |
B12 no physical requirements and no physical injury | 0.417 | 6 | 0.018 |
B13 leisure sports without burden | 0.235 | 14 | 0.020 |
B14 the better mood | 0.404 | 8 | 0.035 |
B15 relieving stress | 0.361 | 9 | 0.031 |
B16 less fussy | 0.500 | 3 | 0.007 |
B17 cultivate morality | 0.500 | 3 | 0.007 |
B18 more possibilities | 0.414 | 7 | 0.023 |
B19 enjoying the fish hook moment | 0.202 | 15 | 0.011 |
B20 enjoying the fighting process with fish | 0.250 | 13 | 0.014 |
B21 enjoying fish catch | 0.134 | 19 | 0.007 |
Factors | Normalized by Cluster | Rank | Limiting |
---|---|---|---|
S1 high stimulation | 0.051 | 5 | 0.009 |
S2 expectation | 0.339 | 1 | 0.060 |
S3 achievement | 0.099 | 4 | 0.018 |
S4 freshness | 0.051 | 5 | 0.009 |
S5 self-challenge | 0.051 | 5 | 0.009 |
S6 relaxation and fun | 0.294 | 2 | 0.052 |
S7 light burden | 0.115 | 3 | 0.020 |
Factors | Normalized by Cluster | Rank | Limiting |
---|---|---|---|
M1 fishing fun | 0.179 | 3 | 0.097 |
M2 fishing changes one’s character | 0.104 | 6 | 0.057 |
M3 fishing for relaxation after work | 0.202 | 2 | 0.11 |
M4 fishing has the lower physical requirements | 0.121 | 5 | 0.066 |
M5 fishing fun with friends | 0.214 | 1 | 0.116 |
M6 good fish quality | 0.028 | 7 | 0.015 |
M7 good environment of fishing spot | 0.153 | 4 | 0.083 |
Factors | Normalized by Cluster | Rank | Limiting |
---|---|---|---|
B1 fewer people and more space | 0.297 | 11 | 0.006 |
B2 no pollution | 0.532 | 2 | 0.010 |
B3 beautiful scenery | 0.172 | 17 | 0.003 |
B4 healthy wild fish | 0.327 | 10 | 0.006 |
B5 big fish | 0.190 | 16 | 0.004 |
B6 pollution-free fish with good taste | 0.484 | 4 | 0.009 |
B7 free conservation | 0.471 | 5 | 0.021 |
B8 take care of each other | 0.165 | 18 | 0.007 |
B9 high security rate | 0.269 | 12 | 0.112 |
B10 new friends | 0.095 | 20 | 0.004 |
B11 no exercise injuries | 0.583 | 1 | 0.025 |
B12 no physical requirements and no physical injury | 0.417 | 6 | 0.018 |
B13 leisure sports without burden | 0.235 | 14 | 0.020 |
B14 the better mood | 0.404 | 8 | 0.035 |
B15 relieving stress | 0.361 | 9 | 0.031 |
B16 less fussy | 0.500 | 3 | 0.007 |
B17 cultivate morality | 0.500 | 3 | 0.007 |
B18 more possibilities | 0.414 | 7 | 0.023 |
B19 enjoying the fish hook moment | 0.202 | 15 | 0.011 |
B20 enjoying the fighting process with fish | 0.250 | 13 | 0.014 |
B21 enjoying fish catch | 0.134 | 19 | 0.007 |
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Zhang, Y.; Liu, S.-F.; Wang, K. Explorations of Charm Factors and Development of Fishing in Southern Taiwan Based on Miryoku Engineering and the Analytic Network Process. Sustainability 2019, 11, 737. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030737
Zhang Y, Liu S-F, Wang K. Explorations of Charm Factors and Development of Fishing in Southern Taiwan Based on Miryoku Engineering and the Analytic Network Process. Sustainability. 2019; 11(3):737. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030737
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yang, Shuo-Fang Liu, and Kun Wang. 2019. "Explorations of Charm Factors and Development of Fishing in Southern Taiwan Based on Miryoku Engineering and the Analytic Network Process" Sustainability 11, no. 3: 737. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030737